Arthurian Legend - Essay - 1388 Words

Arthurian Legend, group of tales in several languages that concern the legendary King Arthur of the Britons, his realm, and the knights of his inner circle. The legend is one of the most enduring tales in recorded history. It first appeared in the 5th or 6th century ad and took its basic form between the 12th and 15th centuries. It continues as a popular subject in modern times. The legend presents Arthur as a leader in ancient times who defeats the Saxons and other enemies. He thereby unites the people of Britain in peace and harmony. Eventually his kingdom weakens from within—in part because of the illicit love between Arthur’s queen, Guinevere, and the knight Lancelot—and Arthur himself is struck down by his own illegitimate son,†¦show more content†¦| | | As Arthur fathers an illegitimate son, so too does Lancelot, although he does so while under a spell that makes him think the woman (named Elaine) is actually Guinevere. Lancelots son, Galahad, is entirely free of sin and weakness, and thus he alone is ultimately qualified to complete the quest and find the Holy Grail. (Sir Bors and Sir Percival accompany him, but they are excluded from the final holy vision that appears to Galahad as he reaches the Grail.) Once the quest is ended, peace does not last, and eventually Arthurs armies are embroiled in new wars, including one with the Romans, who demand tribute from Arthur and provoke a battle. Not all the conflicts involve foreign enemies, however. When Arthur discovers Lancelot and Guineveres love affair, his system of justice requires that Guinevere be arrested and condemned to death. Lancelot flees but then returns to rescue her. During the ensuing battle, Lancelot kills the brothers of Sir Gawain, who remain loyal to Arthur. As a consequence, Gawain and Lancelot, formerly the closest of friends, become enemies. Arthur’s absence from court while battling the Romans and pursuing Lancelot offers Mordred the opportunity to seize the throne. He attempts to do so by buying the allegiance of Arthurs barons, and some texts say that he eitherShow MoreRelated Arthurian Legend Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesArthurian Legend Even though the Arthur legend is hundreds of years old, our culture today is still fascinated with the idea of the Round Table and the love triangle between Arthur, Lancelot, and Guinevere. There are movies and books galore to read about the different takes on the legend of Arthur. However, it makes one wonder if our culture really understands the Arthurian legend. Especially in the movies the central idea of a literary work can be lost. Compared to Malory’s Le Morte d’ArthurRead More Chivalry in Arthurian Legend Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesChivalry in Arthurian Legend Merriam-Websters on-line dictionary defines chivalry as the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood. As Leon Gautier, author of Chivalry, defines this system and spirit of knighthood by identifying rules of chivalry, two of which are well illustrated in Lanval, TheWife of Baths Tale, and The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnel: Thou shalt never lie, and shall remain faithful to thy pledged word, and Thou shalt be generous, and give largessRead More The Sword in the Stone of the Arthurian Legend Essay1773 Words   |  8 PagesThe Sword in the Stone of the Arthurian Legend King Arthur and the knights of the round table belong to a long line of books and stories of the Arthurian legend. Merlin, Lancelot, The lady of the lake, King Arthur, and Excaliber are all very important in the Arthurian legend. In this essay we will talk about King Arthur, the knights of the round table, and Merlin in the famous story, The sword in the stone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Sword in the stone is a book about an adopted child named wart. He is ofRead More Women in Beowulf and Arthurian Legend Essay examples1279 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Beowulf and Arthurian Legend A common theme in the stories we have read is that glory, happiness, and success come in cycles (this theme is commonly represented as the wheel of fortune). This theme is present in the Arthurian tales, as well as in Beowulf. Each story tells a tale (or part of a tale) of a rise to glory, and the proceeding fall to disarray. The men always were the kings and warriors, but the women played different roles in the different stories. The women of BeowulfRead MoreEssay about Arthurian Legends Effects on English Society2368 Words   |  10 PagesThere is said to have legends speaking of his mythical being and also people attempted to prove that there indeed was a King Arthur. The Arthurian Legends reveal King Arthur, not as a historical figure, but as a mythical chivalrous king obtaining massive amounts of achievements. From his search for the Holy Grail to his perfect society in Camelot with his development of the Round Table, King Arthur’s legend displays his heroic character. Through the many countless legends of the glorious KingRead MoreEssay about A Comparison of Arthurian Legend in Various Stories960 Words   |  4 PagesMichelle Feddema ENG 4U Mr. Nielsen Friday November 19, 2010 A Comparison of Arthurian Legend in Various Stories Arthurian legend was a genre many writers used in Chaucer’s day. It is a story made of romances, heroism, and ballads mostly about Arthur’s chief knight Sir Gawain who was mainly a man of social and ethical virtue. Often time’s Arthurian legend is a story of a knight who fights the bad guy, learns a lesson, saves the day and get’s the girl. Although sometimes the knight may startRead MoreThe Mythical Tale Of King Arthur Written By Thomas Mallory1619 Words   |  7 Pages In this essay, one can analyze the mythical tale of King Arthur written by Thomas Mallory, Le Morte D’Arthur, and translated via classroom textbook by Donna Rosenberg. If you love the mystical realm or enjoy nobility and what they do behind closed doors, then read Le Morte D’Arthur. Or, if you love conflict that is between the desires of the flesh, but also desires and responsibility of being King of Britain, then you may find the legend of King Arthur just your cup of tea to read. A myth can haveRead More King Arthur Essay2674 Words   |  11 PagesKing Arthur The Arthurian legends are well known in todays society. However, very few people know of the real Arthur -- who he was and what his accomplishments were. This paper will establish a difference between legend and truth, show evidence to support and explain who the real Arthur was, and shed some light on the sometimes confusing Arthurian legends. To establish any sort of idea that there was, in fact, a real Arthur, it is imperative to look over the legendary ArthurRead More King Arthur Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent depending on the era, culture, and the particular writer who is relating his version of the Arthurian legend. Three Kinds of Arthur There is much debate whether Arthur was an actual historical person. There is no absolute evidence, but it is possible that Arthur was a Briton or Romano-Briton king who led the Celts against the Anglo-Saxons in the early 8th century (Americana, Arthurian Romances, 1972). The kings of the medieval period were warlords that protected a particular area ofRead MoreThe Real Merlin Essay2171 Words   |  9 Pages From the shores of Avalon to the court of King Arthur, tales and accounts of the mystical Merlin abound. Did Merlin really exist, and if so, was he the dark magical wizard of legend or an image conjured up by superstitious townsfolk to explain occurrences they didnt understand? To answer this question, one should first look at the actual accomplishments of the figure Merlin. When was the character introduced and what did he do afterwards? What kinds of feats did this person accomplish to make

A.J. Dbq for Us History Advanced Placement Free Essays

Before Andrew Jackson became president, he came off as an average man living in middle class America. He pulled his â€Å"Average Joe† persona off like a pro and got elected into the White house as a â€Å"man of the people†. However, Jackson may have been a common man, but he wielded power like a king. We will write a custom essay sample on A.J. Dbq for Us History Advanced Placement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kings have a difficult job. They have to walk the fine line of being strict enough that the subjects won’t throw a fit when they don’t get what they want but at the same time not being too dictatorial or else the people will rebel. More importantly, a king must be firm in what he believes is right for the country. Jackson greatly increased the power of the presidency. He did not comply with the checks and balance system, and also did not allow North Carolina to nullify the Protective Tariff of 1823. Jackson fired the old aristocrats (from farming families) from government jobs and replaced them with incompetent people – this was known as the â€Å"spoils system. † He was also responsible for the â€Å"Trail of Tears†. Jackson took his job extremely seriously and used his full power to help the entire country. Andrew Jackson often took advantage of his veto power. He was very willing to veto the laws that the legislative branch came up with. Because of this, Congress learned to ask for his opinions in advance to avoid vetos. All presidents have since had a say on impending legislation. Andrew was not afraid to use his power aggressively if it meant helping the whole country. An example of this is in the Nullification Crisis. In short, this was when Andrew Jackson passed tariff acts on the states. South Carolina, after years of complaining about it, finally refused to obey the 1832 tariff. They voted to have troops defend them against Jackson. The president responded angrily and sent troops to South Carolina to enforce the tariff bill and asked Congress for a â€Å"Force Bill† to back him up. Andrew Jackson was also responsible for the Trail of Tears. This was when he forced thousands of Native Americans to relocate. In 1830, Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act. It ordered all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River to move west of it. This resulted in many of them dying from exposure, disease and starvation while migrating. Jackson, of course, did this intending the best for the country. How to cite A.J. Dbq for Us History Advanced Placement, Papers

Research Paper Management

Question: Compare and contrast three business research papers as to describe how the researchers defined and operationalized variables while providing a theoretical framework. Explain why the researchers exhibited similarities and differences in how they defined and operationalized variables while providing a theoretical framework. Derive one rule given the above analysis. Explain why the rule you derived is important. Answer: Introduction: Science has so many pillars that are in combined approach provides numbers of logic, reasoning, ethics to conduct researches. As the science is based on experiments, there are numbers of variables have been involved to conduct numbers of experiments to achieve numbers of results. While we are considering the platform for mobile learning, it integrates innovation and education. In todays modern era of internet, the education system is evolving with the new edge of communication by joining networks among the student, universities and let them share knowledge resources (Go.galegroup.com.ezp-02.lirn.net, 2015). Even plans to cut the information technology costs are due to the information technology activities that are more decentralized. Data and insights on the technology expenses were not shared across the organization in a systematic way. Hence, all the managers and executives are tending to determine the most efficient target to cut information technology expenses (Search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net, 2015). While Information Technology is perceived as a collection of software and machines and an organization or a group of people is thinking about the spending on the information technology, it is expensive and complex. It takes proper planning, selection, implementation, and use of the IT assets in an effective way and finally undesirability that leads to replacement. The increasing use of Information Technology helps a lot to gain overall success in health care organization and other several aspects. Adoption of Information Technology requires utmost understanding to crack the box to open up the new possibilities (Search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net, 2015). While managing the information technology is an important factor, there are numbers of critical roles for the librarians are evolving across the several countries. Based on information handling, proper use of the internet is playing crucial roles to provide data to the librarians in the knowledge age (Search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net, 2015). Historical review: The occurrence of the mobile platform for the teaching and learning purpose is in itself a motivator. Mobile technologies are already widely known for different level of students. It makes it possible for the students to access their classrooms with ICT or Information and communication technology. Havoc use of Internet made it possible to bring the classroom in the hand of every child. Sharples, (2003) suggested that instead of seeing the technology-enabled disruptive devices, educators or the faculties should take initiatives to incorporate technologies based on mobile platform that can offer the children assistance to find the best possible way to put them into the way to achieve benefits of elearning platform. Over the past ten years, the use of Mlearning platform has been increased, whether it is the schools or workplace (Naismith, Lonsdale, Vavoula Sharples, 2015). While, adoption of IT is a key aspect of todays daily life, Kuan, and Chau, in the year of 2001, perceived technological context, i.e. perceived direct and indirect benefits; on the organizational context he perceived technical competencies and financial cost; in the environmental context he perceived government and industry pressure (Go.galegroup.com.ezp-02.lirn.net, 2015). While cutting the information technology cost is a big concern, in the year of 2005, the consulting firm Accenture conducted a survey consists of 143 seniorlevel government managers in across 13 countries including U.S. and as per the findings there are numbers of governments are there who have cut their service cost by allowing shared services operating model. Though, there are few government organizations there who are still commencing their journey towards the shared services model (Search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net, 2015). While we consider the library management system using the Information Technology, in the year of 2001, Jewell presented a report on the selection, licensing and moreover the support for the online materials for the research libraries and he has already included the fact that libraries nowadays are involved in acquiring supporting and managing the electronic resources. Between 2003 and 2005, the first ERM (Electronic Resource Management) system came into the market (Elie-Dit-Cosaque Straub, 2010). The supportive argument to the topic: With the advent of technology and havoc use of the internet has enabled the situation where almost everyone has the tendency to use the technology enabled devices. While IT adoption is a key consideration, there are numbers of organizations are increasing their revenue by increasing the use of technological devices and application. Hence, organizations are more tend to find the cost-effective way to pursue the technological advancement in the organization (Hunter Lafkas, 2003). On the other hand, the efficient use of virtual storage spaces for online teaching and learning have been in use till now that have enabled the efficient uses of technology to reach the classroom from the remote location. There are several of mobile apps those are in use for conducting the virtual classrooms. Now mobile learning trends are catering across the society that has enabled the blind learners to get the test of education and the sophisticated users with other impairments (Loi, 2015). Though, it requires a certain amount of self-reflection and awareness to access devices and applications. American children in the range of 0-1 with 10% population use featured devices. The students with the age 2-4 of 39% have iPad or video-enabled iPod, on the other hand, the students with 52% population and in the range of 5-8 ages access the smart devices. Also, this trend is increasing the self-learning activities among the students and kind of learners (Go.galegroup.com.ezp-02.lirn.net, 2 015). Due to the e-learning platform, it becomes possible to store the educational resource on the virtual platform with the capacity to share it among the different users. Henceforth, it gave the advent of new dimensions of library management system. There are numbers of educational and research institutions provide their own online library management system, that will made them possible to provide different link to resources and information available across the Internet (Skinner Rosen, 2001). Conclusion: Due to the current trend of havoc use of technology and need of technology enabled devices across the industry made it possible to understand the different management level organization. Managers and the higher level of authorities nowadays are involved in removing the different level of management and controls over the different levels of task. Higher authorities sometimes are more tend to pick up the cornerstone, rather than the capstone, i.e. they look for the future aspects before fixing the present scenario. Hence, it is required for the managers and higher authorities to consider the information and present scenario. Sometimes to manage the situation, it is recommended to the authorities rather than eliminating different level of problems, it will be better to find the cause of the problem; this is the place where organizations require the changes and the above mentioned technology driven aspects are the key sectors where changes took place and served to the society. In this co ntext technology driven solutions put a great impact to fix problem by cutting budgets required for the white collar jobs, as those tasks required numbers of human resources to conduct different parts of single task, but with the help of the technology driven solution, it can be possible to integrate different level of task. On the other hand development of application and use of the internet made it possible to access the information spread across the internet. Some government and non-government organization is still developing their scope for involving different technology driven solution, for example use of e-commerce models those are widely in use for the retention of the potential customers, better platform for making interaction within the organization or the parts situated at different location. References: Elie-Dit-Cosaque, C., Straub, D. (2010). Opening the black box of system usage: user adaptation to disruptive IT. European Journal Of Information Systems, 20(5), 589-607. doi:10.1057/ejis.2010.23 Go.galegroup.com.ezp-02.lirn.net,. (2015). Library and Information Resources Network, Inc.. Retrieved 5 August 2015, from https://go.galegroup.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA324249874v=2.1it=rinPS=trueprodId=AONEuserGroupName=lirn68662sw=w Hunter, L., Lafkas, J. (2003). Opening the Box: Information Technology, Work Practices, and Wages. ILR Review, 56(2), 224-243. doi:10.1177/001979390305600202 Loi, M. (2015). Technological unemployment and human disenhancement. Ethics And Information Technology. doi:10.1007/s10676-015-9375-8 Naismith, L., Lonsdale, P., Vavoula, G., Sharples, M. (2015). Literature Review in Mobile Technologies and Learning (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www2.futurelab.org.uk/resources/documents/lit_reviews/Mobile_Review.pdf Search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net,. (2015). Library and Information Resources Network, Inc.. Retrieved 5 August 2015, from https://search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/docview/204897712/99F33AC489154F35PQ/14?accountid=143980 Search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net,. (2015). Library and Information Resources Network, Inc.. Retrieved 5 August 2015, from https://search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/docview/249821959/99F33AC489154F35PQ/70?accountid=143980 Search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net,. (2015). Library and Information Resources Network, Inc.. Retrieved 5 August 2015, from https://search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/docview/218226673/DE9AD40751984599PQ/1?accountid=143980 Search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net,. (2015). Library and Information Resources Network, Inc.. Retrieved 5 August 2015, from https://search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/docview/204897712/F2CE7B57A5064E83PQ/1?accountid=143980 Skinner, D., Rosen, P. (2001). Opening The White Box: The Politics of Racialised Science and Technology. Science As Culture, 10(3), 285-300. doi:10.1080/09505430120074109

what is the sociological perspective (imagination) Essay Example For Students

what is the sociological perspective (imagination) Essay Diane Ihlenfeldt February 13, 2004 Question 1: What is the sociological perspective? What is the nature of the social sciences? This is the question that began the study of society, first performed by C. Wright Mills in his development of the idea of the sociological imagination. There are many different aspects to the sociological perspective. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines perspective as the capacity to view things in their true relations or relative importance. Having a sociological perspective means that you view all of societies components and their relationship to the individual. We will write a custom essay on what is the sociological perspective (imagination) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now First I will discuss how individuals are socialized. Next I will point out societal structures role in that socialization. Finally I will discuss how the sociological perspective allows us to view different inequalities in the world. While growing up we rarely think about why we do things the way that we do, and make the decisions that we make. From infancy we are socialized, meaning that we are trained how to exist within our social environment. By developing a sociological perspective we are able to see that we are socialized, and view how our social environment has an effect on the decisions that we make. Social environments differ across many boundaries including, but not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, and class. For example I was raised within a poor, Caucasian, single parent, low class family, which means that the decisions I make may be different from the decisions made by someone raised in a rich, Catholic, Hispanic, two parent, upper middle class family. For example because we were poor, my mother was uneducated, our class was low, and our religion played as more of a financial support system than a moral characterizing system, we consider it okay to have children outside of the structural bounds of marriage. There are different rules, known as norms, by which we must abide in order to be considered well adjusted to society. It is important to understand that one does not spontaneously become the person that they are, and automatically follow the norms that they follow. They must be taught by others in their society such as their parents, as well as by societal structures such as education, and the media. Although most Americans would like to think of themselves as autonomous beings, it is a fact that our choices are shaped by larger social forces around us such as the historical or cultural contexts and social institutions. We make these decisions because we have internalized the values, beliefs, and norms of our culture. Through socialization we learn to perform different roles such as American citizen, mother, or worker. Along with socialization comes our shaping by societal structures. Societal structures refer to the pattern within culture and organization through which social action takes place. A good example of a societal structure is the media. The media has a major affect on how society is conditioned to follow certain norms. For example we learn about what is acceptable and unacceptable by watching the news. The news will cover issues such as murder, rape, and incest, condemning them, making it know that these actions are deviant. Societal structure includes the arrangement of roles, organizations, institutions, and cultural symbols. These roles, organizations, institutions and cultural symbols are often invisible, and remain stable over long periods of time. Having a sociological perspective also allows us to view the inequalities in the world between different classes, races, and genders. We are able to see how someone who is African American has to struggle to get to a high executive office, an office that is easier to attain for a white male. Sociologists find it important to note that the differences between us are not so much biological as they are cultural. We are socialized by our society and societal structures. Those structures often promote the inequalities found within a society. The sociological perspective allows us to see with the naked eye just how society works, and the effects is has on its members. It is important for every person to discover the sociological perspective, allowing them to have a broader understanding of the world around them and themselves. .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 , .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 .postImageUrl , .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 , .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282:hover , .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282:visited , .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282:active { border:0!important; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282:active , .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282 .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a39c031ae670b905b42b5d89a8e8282:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Quite literally dying to be thin Essay .

Battle of Poitiers in the Hundred Years War

Battle of Poitiers in the Hundred Years War Battle of Poitiers - Conflict: The Battle of Poitiers occurred during the Hundred Years War (1137-1453). Battle of Poitiers - Date: The Black Princes victory took place on September 19, 1356. Commanders Armies: England Edward, Prince of Wales, a.k.a. The Black PrinceJean de Grailly, Captal de Buchapproximately 6,000 men France King John IIDuke de Orleansapproximately 20,000 men Battle of Poitiers - Background: In August 1356, Edward, Prince of Wales, better known as the Black Prince, began a large scale raid into France from his base in Aquitaine. Moving north, he conducted a scorched earth campaign as he sought to ease pressure on English garrisons in northern and central France. Advancing to the Loire River at Tours, his raid was stopped by an inability to take to the city and its castle. Delaying, Edward soon had word that the French king, John II, had disengaged from operations against the Duke of Lancaster in Normandy and was marching south to destroy the English forces around Tours. Battle of Poitiers - The Black Prince Makes a Stand: Outnumbered, Edward began retreating back towards his base at Bordeaux. Marching hard, King John IIs forces were able to overtake Edward on September 18 near Poitiers. Turning, Edward formed his army into three divisions, led by the Earl of Warwick, the Earl of Salisbury, and himself. Pushing Warwick and Salisbury forward, Edward placed his archers on the flanks and retained his division and an elite cavalry unit, under Jean de Grailly, as the reserve. To protect his position, Edward arrayed his men behind a low hedge, with marsh to left and his wagons (formed as a barricade) to the right. Battle of Poitiers - The Longbow Prevails: On September 19, King John II moved to attack Edwards forces. Forming his men into four battles, led by Baron Clermont, Dauphin Charles, the Duke of Orleans, and himself, John ordered an advance. The first to move forward was Clermonts force of elite knights and mercenaries. Charging toward Edwards lines, Clermonts knights were cut down by a shower of English arrows. The next to attack were the Dauphins men. Advancing forward, they were constantly harried by Edwards archers. As they neared, the English men-at-arms attacked, nearly encircling the French and forcing them to retreat. As the Dauphins broken forces retreated they collided with the Duke of Orleans battle. In the resulting chaos, both divisions fell back on the king. Believing the fight to be over, Edward ordered his knights to mount to pursue the French and dispatched Jean de Graillys force to attack the French right flank. As Edwards preparations were nearing completion, King John approached the English position with his battle. Moving out from behind the hedge, Edward attacked Johns men. Firing into the French ranks, the archers expended their arrows and then picked up weapons to join the fight. Edwards assault was soon supported by de Graillys force riding in from the right. This attack broke the French ranks, causing them to flee. As the French fell back, King John II was captured by English troops and turned over to Edward. With the battle won, Edwards men began tending to the wounded and pillaging the French camps. Battle of Poitiers - Aftermath Impact: In his report to his father, King Edward III, Edward stated that his casualties were only 40 killed. While this number was probably higher, English casualties in the fighting were minimal. On the French side, King John II and his son Philip were captured as were 17 lords, 13 counts, and five viscounts. In addition, the French suffered approximately 2,500 dead and wounded, as well as 2,000 captured. As a result of the battle, England demanded an exorbitant ransom for the king, which France refused to pay. The battle also showed that superior English tactics could overcome greater French numbers. Selected Sources: The Battle of PoitiersBritish Battles: Battles of Poitiers History of War: Battle of Poitiers

British Wildlife Essay Example for Free

British Wildlife Essay Outline of species along with related anatomy, handling considerations and rehabilitation, release requirements Although the deer’s skeletal system is very similar to a dog or cat’s in terms of its basic structure, although there are some adaptations that they require in order to survive the wild. Deer have long necks which enable them to crane it so they can feed off low lying grass and other vegetation. Stefoff, R. (2007) Deer are prey animals and so they require adaptations that enable them to run fast and this is why they are ‘ugulates’, (hoofed mammals). Ungulates walk on their ‘ungulis’ which is a tough outer plate of a hoof or toenail. When ungulates walk, their feet or digits do not come into contact with the ground but their hooves. Stefoff, R. (2007). This clever evolutionary asset is essential for speed. This is down to the biomechanics of how bodies move- the smaller the area that touches the ground with each stride, the greater the stride is which results in faster movement. Hooves are an extremely strong version of human fingernails strong enough not to break when under immense pressure i.e. when the deer is running. Stefoff, R. (2007).The strength of the hooves comes from the keratin which exists in thick sheets and keratin fibres which run in all directions Stefoff, R. (2007) Deer have a total of four toes on each foot. The middle two toes touch the ground and the outer two are elevated at the back, just above the hoof and are called dewclaws Stefoff, R. (2007). Metapodials in deer are elongated and form the lower part of the deer’s legs. In a deer, the femur and the humerus are short and thick in order to be able to anchor the large mass of muscle needed to propel them forward when running at high speed. Stefoff, R. (2007) Seven glands are located on the body of a deer, scattered from head to toe to assist with communication amongst the herd and is how deer differentiate between one another (interspecies communication) Nickens, E. (2009). Deer scent is made up of scent glands and their urine. Stefoff, R. (2007) Deer use a technique called ‘flehmen’; this is the act of curling back their upper lip and sucking in air. This is used to detect scents from other deer. Stefoff, R. (2007) Antler growth is an interesting area of study which provokes questioning as to why antler growth is delayed until the start of puberty and secondly, mammalian organ regeneration. Antler growth only occurs in male deer and is delayed until the start of puberty at 5 – 7 months old. No other mammal can regenerate an organ. The antlers of a 200-kg adult red deer may weigh as much 30 kg but take only 3 months to grow. Antlers are formed from pedicles; permanent bony horns on the frontal bone of the skull. Periosteal cells (Antlerogenic Periosteum) are collected in the distal parts of the cristae externae of the frontal bones. These are activated by rising androgen levels in the blood. Testosterone binds to specific sites on the AP which leads to trabecular bone being formed beneath the periosteum and a pedicle develops. There are four ossification stages in the formation of antlers in deer starting with ‘Intramembranous ossification’; this is the proliferation of antlerogenic cells and differentiation into osteoblasts. Osteoblasts form trabecular in the cellular periosteum. This then leads to ‘transitional ossification’, this initiates when pedicle reaches 5-10mm in height. Osseocartilaginous tissue is formed by the antlerogenic cells at the apical surface, which have undergone a change in differentiation pathway to form chondrocytes. The third stage is ‘pedicle endochondral ossification’ when chrondrogenesis takes place in the pedicle alone. The final ossification stage is ‘antler endochondral ossification’- antlerogenic cells maintain their chrondrogenic differentiation pathway until the very first antler has fully formed. Shiny velvet skin covering the distal end of the pedicle coincidences with antler formation. Un-branched antlers described as ‘spikers’ elongate as a result of an endochondral process in the distal tip. (Deer antlers: a zoological curiosity or the key to understanding organ regeneration in mammals?) The first antler continues growing until the autumn rutting season where testosterone levels are increased once again. Cessation in longitudinal growth causes this endocrine change. Antler bone becomes fully mineralized and the overlying velvet sheds to reveal bare bone. A single unbranched antler is left attached to the pedicle until it is cast the following spring Deer antlers: a zoological curiosity or the key to understanding organ regeneration in mammals? The safest method of restraining/handling deer is to try to pull head to its flank, cover their head, hold the leg at the front and push the deer down onto the ground. This technique requires mastering so a well-trained person should only be allowed to do this. Deer bones are fragile so need to be cautious. When it comes to releasing deer, a few things need to be kept in mind when choosing a location to release them. Deer need as much woodland cover as possible, especially with a male deer as they are very much territorial creatures. It is preferred to release a deer exactly where it was found. If this is not possible i.e. the deer was found in the middle of a road then it must be released no more than 1km from where it was found. Outline of condition, clinical signs and recommended treatment Roundworm is a condition commonly seen in deer. These are internal parasites that are found in the intestines and soak up nutrients from the animal’s diet which results in the sufferer becoming malnourished and weak because they are not getting the nutrients they require. The clinical signs of a deer with worms are very hard to detect because they are prey animals and must not show signs of weakness otherwise it would make them a target for predators. Often they won’t show any signs until they are close to death. Should they show signs they would be lethargic, losing weight, scowering (lowering their head) and producing fluid faecal matter. Deer get stressed very easily and it would be unethical to try and capture them for treatment as it would be putting the person capturing the deer at risk as well as the deer as their skeletal systems are very fragile and is liable to shatter. Deer antlers are extremely dangerous because they are strong as well as being full of bacteria; deer use their antlers to fight and they also urinate on their antlers so it could infect a human quite severely. To treat worms in deer, Ivermectin â€Å"spot on† is used and is placed on the back of the deer’s neck. It is applied at 2 week intervals and, once cleared it can then be applied monthly to prevent it recurring. What are the nursing needs of this patient and condition etc Deer, ideally should be nursed in a barn or large enclosure and not kept in a veterinary practice. This is purely because they are dangerous animals and are likely to lash out or charge at humans when they feel provoked. Isolating the deer is ideal to prevent the worms passing onto other animals nearby and to avoid having to treat the others. Deer should not be isolated for too long as they can get stressed and this would not be an ethical thing to do. Discussion of legal and ethical considerations What legislation and ethical considerations are relevant Wildlife and countryside act 1981 Wildlife and natural environment (Scotland) Act 2011 http://www.nyantler-outdoors.com/deer-anatomy.html British Wildlife. (2017, Jan 06). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Analysis strokes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis strokes - Essay Example In the breaststroke style, a swimmer swims on his chestandtorso. The swimmers headremains out of waterwhileheswims. Before 1950, there wererules in theswimmingcompetitionwere one race under thewater in the breaststroke (Hannula,2003). Theunderwaterracingproved to be dangerous as swimmers suffocatedwhile under thewater. To date, thesetechniqueshavebeenimproved as peoplechangetherules, swimmers nowrace on thewatersurface. Swimmers are allowed to stay under thewater during one strokecyclewhenstartingand after eachturn. Breaststrokers createlargeforces during the propulsive phases of eachstrokecycle. In the breaststroke, there are three phases during themotion of thebody. The out-sweep, the in sweepandtherecoveryphases. Out- sweepandthe in sweep are both propulsive movement with in-sweep beingthemorepowerful of the two. The out-sweep begins after a swimmer extend their legsfully. Armssweep outwards as shoulders medially rotateand adduct. Theyhave to remainstraight until thepressure of thewatercausesthearm to flex. Thebodylies horizontally as itforms a Y shape. One pitches their palms outandbackandhandstossed outwards at near 90 degrees as well as backwardangle of up to40 degreesfortheforwardmovement. Upperarms should be parallel to thewatersurface, andshoulders medially rotated to allowpulldirectlystraightback (Maglischo, 2003). In the in sweepphase, handscontinue to circle to facedownwardandinward, becominginwardandupward. One has to reachapproximately 100degrees of theelbow flexion, with maximummedialturning of theshoulder to permitgreatestsurfacearea to pushback on thewater.Elbows should remainparallel to thewatersurface. Handspass under theelbows, as theelbows flex maximally. Asthehandsbegin to moveupward, thehipsdrop, initiatinghipandknee flexion (Ferrauti, A., Pluim, B. M., & Weber, K. 2001). In therecoveryphase, handscometogether with palms

Movie Safe 1995 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Movie Safe 1995 - Essay Example It is looks like that traditional medical science is not capable of healing those people, who cannot accept the environment. In the movie 'Safe', to my view, Carol White doesn't receive appropriate and adequate treatment, yet she seeks aid in a high-tech medical center. The main problem is that she is alone in her family who has not emotional relationship with her husband and her stepson. Also, using soft and dark colors and sounds cause her to go to inner darkness of illness. The nature of Carol's illness and to compare treatment methods, applies by two different directions of medicine In the movie 'Safe', Carol White (Julianne Moore) lives with her husband and stepson in a comfortable suburban home in California. Her life is completely predictable, and in spite of the fact that she has 'relationship' with her husband, she begins feeling isolated and then - drained and depressed. Mysteriously, she falls ill with weird symptoms: she experiences nose bleedings, dizziness and allergies, and doctor attributes it to stress. Having passed different tests, she understand that there is nothing physically wrong with her, but nevertheless she takes medication and changes her diet, getting of the all-fruit diet and cutting back diary products. When her condition doesn't go away, she gets a recommendation to visit psychiatrist. The problem with her mind is a reason for the illness. Carol finally understands the necessity, which requires of her to go to a place, where people who suffer from toxic allergies and those with AIDS can 'clean' themselves, and, probably, the only pla ce where she can feel safe. To my view, treatment, received at hospital, is improper and probably, only worsened the situation. Haynes's idea was to show the powerlessness of traditional medical science against new illnesses, which are called by external irritants, but destroy humans from inside. In the films, Carol combats a real ten-headed hydra, which responds to the new treatment courses with new painful fits of allergy. Carol drives her car - and endures a coughing fir; she breathes in her new perfumes -and feels lightheadedness. Aerobic classes, which pursued a goal of helping her relax, initially doomed to be unsuccessful: she has never had tension in her life, she has never had close relations, so there was no ground for either extremely positive or extremely negative emotions in her life. Thus, she cannot relax, because she never experiences stresses in pure medical meaning. Moreover, the medicaments Carol receives are irritants, as they also consist of toxins or other synthetic substances. On the cont rary, Dunning chooses a different direction and creates some kind of cult, or community with certain beliefs, values and philosophy. People living there find there attachment and new system of coordinates, in which it is possible to consider their illness and cope with related inner problems. It is possible to notice that by the end of the movie, she becomes increasingly more shattered, and probably her sickness breaks her and makes her re-evaluate the relationships which had existed in her life before she fell ill. She has a husband, bad hasn't given birth to children, because Carol 'endures' the existence of domestic plant, which should be carefully watered and supplied with the necessary nourishment, but whose opinion weighs like any plant's opinion. It is possible to

Security and Economic Revival Raise Hopes in the West Bank Essay Example for Free

Security and Economic Revival Raise Hopes in the West Bank Essay The New York Times article â€Å"Security and Economic Revival Raise Hopes in the West Bank† by Ethan Bonner covers the reemergence of the Palestinian-covered West Bank, specifically in the city of Nablus, after a series of bloody uprisings and encounters between extremists and Israeli forces. The Palestinian authority has been longing for control over their territories, and it has experienced its first sense of security and economic stability since the second Palestinian uprising broke out in 2000. It seems that the economy has stabilized so far as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected a seven percent growth rate for the year 2009. A few infrastructure projects have also started as rebuilding and revitalization of the West Bank area continued. A movie theater has opened and a seven-story furnishing store has started operation recently which proves that the West Banks economic and security status has been stabilizing. Just two weeks ago, Israeli checkpoints have started to shut down and troops are gradually being pulled out from the area which are a part of the Israels promise to aid the Palestinian authority. However, doubts have been raised against this promise as Israel has not permitted Paltel, the Palestinian cellphone company, to construct network towers (Bronner, 2009). By far, peace and order has been evident within the West Bank. The two camps—Israel and Palestine—have been working together in order to stabilize the economy of the area which is seen as a vital aspect for the areas growth. Security has also been a matter most attended to by both camps since it also helps ensure a steady economic growth. If both the economy and the security will be stabilized in the area, there will be enough reason to believe that the Palestinians will be capable enough to handle the problems within their areas. Since Israeli troops are gradually being pulled out, it goes to show that trust is slowly being reestablished between the Israeli government and the Palestinian authority, which is a good sign for both sides future relations. So far, the Palestinian communities—specifically Nablus, West Bank—has experienced a steady growth and a revitalized sense of security. As known in previous years, the conflict between Israeli forces and extremists has greatly hindered economic and political growth within Palestinian territories, especially in the West Bank area. The traumas of conflict may have not been permanently erased, but there is still hope for the Palestinian communities in the future as the West Bank experiences stability within its local economy. Furthermore, the Palestinian authority has been present in order to address the local concerns of the area, attending mostly to the areas security. It may take years before the economy has completely stabilized and the security has been fully established, but as of now, the area has shown great signs of improvement as compared to previous years. People have felt more secure, buildings are being established and reestablished, and stores are being opened and reopened. Communities are starting to experiencing growth again. References Bronner, E. (2009, July 16). Security and Economic Revival Raise Hopes in the West Bank. The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2009, from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/07/17/world/middleeast/17westbank. html? ref=world.

summer flower :: essays research papers

As we walked among the flowers we began to tremble. He said to her what a wonderful world. Oh my she explained to her husband of fifteen thousand years. And from there on they became universally involved. After reading Mervyn Peake’s short story â€Å"Same Time, Same Place,† it is apparent that the author intended to create a story based around fantasy. Customarily, fantasy is mistaken for stories that include abstract creatures and inconceivable story lines. Under these circumstances one would then conclude that Peake’s short story may not in fact be categorized to such an extent. However, when the formal definition of fantasy is applied to this story it becomes evident that Peake does more than hint at a story based around make believe. Fantasy can be better understood as one of two types of non-realistic fiction, the other being science fiction. In this case fantasy resembles the psychological state of fantasy in that it provides the reader with an experience of liberation similar to that provided by a daydream. Fantasy typically contains 1) a magical world in which liberating events can plausibly take place and 2) main characters with whom the reader closely identifies and through whom he or she enters the magical world. Now, in order to relate this formal definition to Peake’s short story, it is more applicable to break down the definition of fantasy and apply necessary parts from the short story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of the many characters mentioned in the story, only one proved identifiable. From the opening lines, the narrator and main character is the first character the reader is able to identify. The young man we first come across seems responsible for the curious and sympathetic feelings the reader obtains. The narrator proclaims that his life of twenty three years has been nothing more than a bore to him, and perhaps he is having trouble with his own personal identification among his family. His time spent at home has left him to deal with hatred that has accumulated from being around his parents and not knowing his role in the family. Specifically, he deals with a father who is constantly consumed with cigarette smoke and a moustache that drives him crazy. He hates his mother who wears â€Å"tasteless and fussy† clothes and he even hates â€Å"the way the heels of her shoes were worn away on their outside edges.† The way in which he describes his hatred p rovides more reasoning as to why the reader is apt to feeling sorrow and sympathy.

How can I as a Nurse Change the Public Health System in the USA?

The functions of the public health care system according to Deacon (2001) are: improving the health and well-being of the population; preventing disease and reducing its consequences; prolonging life; and minimizing imbalance in health. The United States government has always been persistent in addressing public health. In line with this, the government proposed a new public health reform that attempts to acquire a wider coverage of state residents by requiring them to get a health care coverage. According to Kaisernetwork.org (2007), the reform would have the following provisions: 1) Residents having 250% and below of poverty level would receive subsidies from the state; 2) Residents having up to 400% of poverty level would have the opportunity to remove health care premium costs that are beyond 5.5% of their compensation; and 3) Residents who retire before age 65 would be given tax credits to avert them from spending more than 10% of their insurance savings. The planned reform attempts a wider coverage so it prohibits insurers to turn down residents wishing to acquire health care coverage. However, critics contend that the health care reform would be unfair and unproductive. In addition, it would be unsustainable – politically and financially. Public servants such as myself who belong to the nursing profession concern ourselves with the community’s health. We play a critical role in improving public’s health based on their knowledge, adequacy, and accessibility as mentioned by Deacon (2001). Our knowledge as nurses is quite depended by the public since they have extensive awareness of the communities they serve and the needs of these. We as nurses are also considered to be in a position to work for the public since they are regarded legitimate individuals that promote health improvement. The adequacy of nurses also enables people to confidentially discuss issues with them since they are viewed to be part of a large population of both ill and well. Biomedicine.org (2008) asserted that the contribution of nurses, like myself,   to the health care reform will be on the calculations of the patient result quality and costs of health care. Nevertheless, nurses can help change the existing health care system by providing substantive information to the community at large, thereby educating them with the cure and prevention of certain diseases. DOH (2000) stated that nurses are responsible of health awareness activities such as immunizations, cancer screening, and helping people with diabetes and asthma live dynamically. Problems with communities can also be addressed by nurses by facilitating groups that will educate individuals with health issues such as smoking and mental illness. Above all, these public figures should be well informed in educational and organizational support to be fully trusted by local communities as health practitioners so that they may be able to embark systematic measures to change the current health care system the society is put in. Public health care reforms are made for the benefit of state residents, but some reforms are just too costly and unproductive to be appreciated by average citizens. Nevertheless, nurses play the crucial role of promoting health, preventing illness and prolonging life, no matter what health care reform the country is put in. But for nurses to help change the current health care system, they must be able to fully utilize their potentials by sharing their knowledge and experience to educate and promote health awareness; assessing the information, terminologies, and concept available to them and creating opportunities such as support groups to share new information and experiences which are accorded to them, as mentioned by GANM (2006). References Bio-Medicine.org (2008). Mnnesota registered nurses promote law to improve patient care and address health care costs. Retrieved on February 27, 2008 Deacon, S. (2001). Nursing for health: Areview of the contribution of nurses, midwives and health visitors to improving the public’s health in scotland. Retrieved on February 27, 2008 from http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2001/03/8525/File-1 Department of Health. (2000). Vital contribution made by community nurses to public health. February 27, 2008 from http://archive.nics.gov.uk/hss/001110e-hss.htm Global Alliance for Nursing and Midwifery Communities of Practice. (2006). Wrking together for health knowledge exchange. Retrieved on February 27, 2008 from my.ibpinitiative.org/public/Default.aspx?c=1325c561-2b21-449e-880e-6623a1214707 Kaisernetwork.org. (December 17, 2007). State wtch  California Gov. Schwarzenegger, state assembly speaker reach compromise on health system overhaul. Retrieved on February 27, 2008 from http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?hint=3&DR_ID=49449   

The Boy at the Window

The Boy at the Window is a poignant poem written by Richard Wilber. According to a statement made by Wilber, it was inspired by his five year old son being concerned about the possible danger his newly completed snowman was in due to a pending storm. Poetry is often recognized for its ability to evoke strong feelings in the reader and the beautifully innocent nature of Boy at the Window exemplifies this magnificently with skillful use of personification and beautiful use of metaphors. The story starts with painting a bleak and very serious over tone, seemingly from the overly dramatic perspective of a young boy as told by an omniscient outside perspective. The dire aspect of the snowman’s situation being a wholly terrifying experience to him, as seen in lines three and four of the first stanza, â€Å"The small boy weeps to hear the wind prepare/ A night of gnashings and enormous moan. † It is apparent that, to this boy, this is a huge menacing storm blowing in and threatening his snowman. It is further defined in the use of personification to describe the prediction of the storms violence, gnashing and moaning, both human qualities with tendencies of use in both pain and anger. Gnashing specifically paints an intense image of something being grinded between two forces until destroyed is extremely impacting. The line following in the poem is a description of the snowman’s facial aspects as seen by this young man, showing a desperation and betrayal as compared to the biblical story of a God- forsaken Adam looking into Eden for the last time. It adds a touching depth to the fear that this young man is in grips of and it is representative of the emotional transfer to the snowman in a young boys mind. The second stanza is written from the snowman’s perspective, which as a statement in its self shows personification. I find that the fact that the snowman experiences feelings in a very heartfelt way, showing a warmth of humanity and empathy. These traits come into a clear light in the 13 and 14th lines of the poem: He melts enough to drop from one soft eye/a trickle of the purest rain, a tear. This shows the depth of humanity portrayed in the snow man and the tasteful use of it within the story. The writing in the poem is elegant and beautiful, using a rhyme scheme and the occasional assonance to keep the flow while not maintaining a strict adherence to a set pattern, throughout the poem there are moments of striking imagery and powerful emotionally gripping perspectives which adds to the innocence of the child’s perspective and the humanity shown in the snowman; it is, in short, great writing. Great poetry is able to evoke strong feelings in the reader, making them think beyond the words on a page and take the images painted with the writers craft into their imagination and heart. The book says, â€Å"it is more accurate to say that poetry is an evocative response to ordinary life experience (Clungston, 2010)†. I think watching empathy grow in a child’s eyes and the personification of a snowman combine to paints a beautiful picture of the innocence of youth and the amazing experiences of watching someone slowly mature and grow before your very eyes. Reference Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education,Inc retrieved XX/XX/XXfrom https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2/sections/sec9. 2 Wilbur, Richard (1952), Boy at the Window, Things of this World, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Sociology in a Global Perspective Essay Example

Sociology in a Global Perspective Essay Example Sociology in a Global Perspective Paper Sociology in a Global Perspective Paper Multiculturalism In the united States Sociology in a Global Perspective Multiculturalism In the United States Introduction Multiculturalism refers to the conservancy of diverse values or ethnic identities in an amalgamated society as a nation. It is a view that different cultures in the society deserve equal treatment and intellectual concern. Multiculturalism became a dominant force in the US between 1970 1980 when different cultures explored their self-identities. Is the United States of America a multicultural country? Why or why not? Multiculturalism In the united States exists but It Is not reflected clearly In he federal level. Most of its features manifests strongly in the rural and urban areas. This is because of the existence of numerous immigrants who have made their way to the united States. Over years, the legal immigrants have been encouraged bounded on the existing laws. The laws set limits which permit the assimilation of the new immigrants. In the absence of such laws, the society will most likely fracture causing desalination of the Nation. The Immigrants who made their way to America several years ago had the desire to be Americans. Over years. The immigrants have disguised themselves with unique goals. Why multiculturalism is a controversial issue for some people Multiculturalism is one of the most controversial issues in the US today. For instance, in the education sector a controversy arose between 2009 and 2010 in Texas when the curriculum committee was making changes to the curriculum. The changes were made at the expense of the minority populations. The move Juxtaposed Lincoln and Jefferson Inaugural address on a rejection of calls to Incorporate more Hispanic personalities regardless of their high population (Symposium on American Studies in the Asia-Pacific Region et al. 1996). Multiculturalism a controversial issue in the United States because it has become a threat to liberalism, an ideology, that is meant to provide solutions to ethnic diversities in the United States. It is important to note that Multiculturalism have for many years threatened unity In the united States because of the human rights castles that have continually proved to cause disunity among different cultures. The greatest challenge in dealing with Multiculturalism is the existence of different cultures which continue to insist on ethnicity as an important tool in shaping political ligaments and interests. Those In support of Multiculturalism insist that by allowing free membership in the societal culture with unique identities, language and history, pride and self-realization would be achieved. Some controversial ideas suggest the need to multiculturalism because of the feeling that liberalism alone offer insufficient protection AT Uninominal call Tireless wanly consequently teenager ten excellence AT minority cultures. In addition, it inhibits the ability of individuals within the minority groups to make decisions that are good for their survival as a community. Furthermore, the small cultures feel that multiculturalism will provide them with special recognition and rights that will help them overcome assimilation forces which will wipe out their identities and well-being individuals derive from being members of a cultural group (Schmidt, 1997). One of the most controversial issues surrounding multiculturalism is the attempt of the new immigrants bringing in new cultures and ways into the US. Social functionalism and multiculturalism Functionalism contends that a culture functions based on systems that work as an entity. The Functionalist model defines a society as unwavering and labels the several lolls which maintain societal stability. Functionalism is based on social structures that are responsible for solidity as well as instability. It further asserts that a country social structure continuously attempt to uphold social equilibrium among all members of the society. It is important to note that a firm society is the most fundamental above all upon which all elements that support and maintain stability should incorporate in the functionality aspect. It is a macro-level archetype which describes extensive processes and enormous- scale of social systems; it does not depend on the individual behaviors. Social conflict and multiculturalism Conflict theories assert that the class arrangements define a society where groups compete for resources. Such resources are mostly held by capitalists. The Conflict paradigm explains racism, ageism, social economic inequality and sexism in a manner which can best be comprehended (Soviet Rumbled, 2000). Conflict is principally concerned with inequalities which exist based on the numerous aspects of dominant eminence of race or ethnicity, ageism, femininity, stage of development, belief, capability or incapacity, and social-economic status. The colonization aspect is nerve-racking which forces us to contend to the standards and customs of the society (Rubin, 2009). Symbolic interaction and multiculturalism Symbolic Integrations perceive the world as a collection of relationships and in what way larger matters affect individuals. Conflicts are part and parcel of the social function. They interrelate through shifting patterns in the social functions within the paradigms (Ritz et al. , 2009). In addition, Symbolic Interactions define a society as a composition of trivial groups of entities interrelating on the basis of numerous aspects that people understand their innumerable cultural ciphers, for instance, spoken communication, written language, and non-verbal dialect. Every interaction among people in a society comes as a result of shared understanding of the various cultural symbols. Since social construction is idiosyncratic in nature, disparity is also idiosyncratic which means it is based on individual interpretation. Conclusion In summary, Multiculturalism is an aspect that relates various communities composed of a wide myriad of cultures. Such interactions provide opportunities where cultural differences unearth leading to multiculturalism. Multiculturalism perspective recognizes cultural variety in the United States stimulating identical standing and respect for various cultural traditions and practices (Bunker Ratter, 2005).

Greek Parthenon, the Roman Pantheon, and Chartres Cathedral Essay

Greek Parthenon, the Roman Pantheon, and Chartres Cathedral - Essay Example The opening of the report consists of the background information about the Pantheon that is designated to all of the roman gods which is a remarkable depiction of roman architecture. It is located in the 14 regions of Augustan in the contemporary Rome. The Parthenon, on the other hand, was primarily designated to the Greek goddess Athena who is also considered as the goddess of wisdom. This temple is located in Athens which is the capital of Greece and its name is extracted from the Greek goddess Athena and the famous Greek Doric. The French Chartres Cathedral is medieval architecture designated to the Catholics. The location of this cathedral is in Chartres which is the capital of Eure-et-Loir department of France. The characteristics of Pantheon is contained with ancient Roman ideals and religious aspects in which the great dome was utilized as the presidency for official decisions for the Roman empire. The architectural invention of concrete assisted the Romans to build this histo rical dome. Whereas, Parthenon was considered was a holy temple due to its association with the deity, i.e. Athena, by the ancient Greeks. Greeks invented the possibility of stone arches by which the practical existence of Parthenon came to existence. Chartres Cathedral describes its significance of being a holy place by its name. The innovation of flying buttresses played an essential role in the successful deliverance of this gothic architectural design.

Petroleum Development of Oman Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Petroleum Development of Oman - Assignment Example The Company's contribution towards training Omani Citizens has been phenomenal and is a part of the shared vision of an educated and qualified Oman as conceived by his Excellency the Sultan. In the aftermath of the World War II, the race for global market leadership has taken an aggressive outlook. Since the first ever discovery of oil in the Middle East the competition in the region is getting fierce and huge investments are being directed towards the exploitation of the so called 'Black Gold'-a name once used for Afro-American slaves. Under these circumstances firms are analyzing every nook and corner of their operation and investing millions of dollars on improving their strategies in the pursuit of a competitive advantage. Employees are no longer mere workers but a core human resource which is being greatly invested upon. Trends in employee training have shown an upward shift in the past decade and a huge budget is being spent on it, in the meantime with the advent of increasingly sophisticated technology training is no longer a choice but a need. Omani Government realizes that in order to achieve the conceived goals of development it is significant for the workforce of the most productive sector, Petroleum, to be motivated. And a key aspect of motivation as identified by the experts of Human Resource Management is Employee Training. With this view in mind PDO under the surveillance of the Sultan is making huge monetary investments for reshaping its workforce. Technical expertise has been imported from the Western World to meet this end and importance is being attached to the coaching of the mechanical staff in view of the future prospects. Emphasis on English and IT Training to employees is a growing trend in PDO and worker welfare programs appealing to different employee groups are being introduced consistently. Developments in this context include the Training to Young Omanis (TYO) program for young graduates and the Omani Technician Training Program (OTTP) for field technicians. An interesting aspect that can be highlighted in the above mentioned programs is the emphasis laid on the training in English and IT departments irrespective of the employee rank and needs. PDO recognizes English and IT proficiency as the traits necessary for the 21st Century employee and it therefore emphasizes on training its employees in these courses. Moreover the stress on English Language training can also understood from the fact that English is the global language. It is understood and spoken even in areas where it is not native thus in order to go worldwide it is pre-eminent that PDO' s workforce should have a solid grasp on the English Language so as to readily communicate with its foreign customers and trainers. In the meantime the lack of technical expertise available in Oman calls for the import of talent from abroad. This would ultimately mean the inflow of foreigners who would be incapable of speaking or understanding the local language. Thus the only

A trend of festival-style events within hospitality industry Term Paper

A trend of festival-style events within hospitality industry - Term Paper Example Church (2013) states that any people have embraced events refreshing in order to continue appealing to the audience and adapt to the emerging festival-style events. There are four main reasons for this move, firstly, there is a shift of events from infotainment and edutainment to "idea-tainment". Its implication to the event management is overt, there should be a move from boring conference speech to the multiplicity of activities. Moreover, creation of crowd sourced ideas is instrumental in enriching events. Secondly, there is a shift from events monologue to dialogue, meaning the audience involvement is the pillar of successful events. With the need for a dialogue approach to the event succeeds, majority of hospitality-skilled event managers have opted for festival-style events (Drake 2013). Thirdly, there is a growing phenomenon in event designs that encourages the use of user-generated ideas. A new generation of people has digital access to polylogues and, as a result, the new ideas are no longer discussed top-down but rather at horizontal platform (Kim et al,. 2013). With innovative and informed audience, the place of the monologue lecture has no place. Festival-style events allow freestyle sharing of entertainment and important event activities. Lastly, there is a lot of information that can be shared in any event, and the traditional lecture approach would not allow for maximum sharing of information. With festival-style events, it allows small buzz groups that are nested within the event entertainment spree. The opportunity provided by this new strategy allows for maximum interaction during and after event. In addition, it keeps the formal event sandwiched within the long list of agenda thus allowing for change from the formal to a free-style event. Mair & Whitfold (2013) states that event management does not belong to the faint hearted; it requires resilience and

Exam paper on business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exam paper on business strategy - Essay Example Its limitation is that two firms of same industry with MBV- strategy do not grow with similar pace despite opting for similar options. For example, firms opt to sail the ocean for being the safest alternate without sailor in the team while ignoring mountain-ing for being less attractive alternative despite having skilled mountaineers. RBV based strategy ignores the demand side of the business. It relies solely on the endogenous aspect and ignores the exogenous factors’ effect on firm. Hence, to void the limitation, firm has lent support from both views complementing each other than contrast. Apple Inc’s success is the strategy being combination of both views. For instance, team with innovative skills exploited the market factors that welcome changes in new dimensions; hence giving hit products like iPod, iPad. ANSWER 3 Greiner’s Theory (1972) refers that firm growth is a subset of six phases each comprising of stable growth followed by a challenge before entering the succeeding phase. It suggests that phases occur in series; therefore, predictable challenges (evolution) to be accounted in a predictable way (revolution). Firm initially grows with creativity and establishing position in the market and after some time it faces challenge of leadership crises. This challenge requires professional management for further growth. Growth in second phase continues to expand with direction and increase in scale hence, leads to issues in managing thing by few personnel. Evolution of structural change mainly with delegation of power becomes the need to maintain survival. Upon delegation development, firm grows through third phase for some time and lands to the control crises. It now requires business to strengthen connections among the business -units to maintain growth in single direction with co-ordination and monitoring. 4th phase of growth through connectivity ends up to red tape issues and bureaucracy. These issues hamper growth again requiring man agement to induce collaborative culture than centralized control. Collaborative culture results firm fostering with more of matrix and team based structures but also ends up once firm has exploited maximum of the internal capabilities and faces internal growth crises. Evolution from this crisis requires firm to shake hands with complementary organizations to maintain growth. This sixth stage growth, recently added, refers to merger, networks, alliances, outsourcing etc. Growth rate in phases vary from company to company and even within company from phase to phase. However, longer the phases harder it will be implement transition by catering crises. ANSWER 4 Resources and Competencies held by organization are all not of equal strength when evaluated on the yardstick to provide firm a competitive advantage against competitors. Strength of the Resource Based View refers that resources and competencies that possess value, rarity, inimitability and non-substitutability characteristics, a cronym as VRIN, are of immense importance to organization. Organizational strategy aligning VRIN-resources and competencies with external environmental factors form the foundation of success. Successful organization such as Wall- Mart (Strong Supply Chain), Tesco (UK national and supply Chain), Apple (Innovative Human Resource), Starbucks (expertise in providing premium flavour of coffee) have profited globally upon strategically by

Modern Methods of Construction Industry

Modern Methods of Construction Industry MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLGY Definition: MMC is a term used to describe a number of construction methods which differ from traditional construction. Other terms that are commonly used include off-site construction, factory-built, industrialised or system building and pre-fabrication. History: Construction history is thus key to understanding and dating   structures. If you can show that a particular technique was used in a certain period, then you can use that information to date a building or construction or subsequent additions to a building. As most buildings are added to over time, being able to show when changes were made is fundamental to understanding how old and how significant they   are. Allied to our understanding of the role and conditions of those who worked on building sites, construction history seeks to understand how people in the past thought about building technology itself. How did they calculate whether something would stand up? How did they set out buildings on the ground? Here there is a clear overlap with the history of engineering and the building professionals, including the roles of overseers, designers, architects and engineers in every period. Construction History encompasses all periods from the various earliest signs of human activity to the very recent past, from cave dwellings to nuclear power stations. Obviously the techniques used to study these periods vary. Early buildings lack written records, so the descriptions tend to depend entirely on archaeological recording and interpretation. Later, written records can be used along with archaeological recording. In more recent periods very details accounts may survive, with drawings, models and photographs to show how building were put together and oral histories can be compiled from those who worked on them Prefabricated housing has been used in the UK duringperiods of high demand, such as after the World Warsand during the slum clearances of the 1960s. In totalabout 1 million prefabricated homes were built duringthe 20th century, many of which were designed to betemporary. However, problems arose over the quality ofbuilding materials and poor workmanship, leading to negative public attitudes towards prefabrication. Nevertheless it has continued to be used in the UK forhospitals, hotels and schools, as well as for housing inother countries. MMC is a new term intended to reflect technical improvements in prefabrication, encompassinga range of on and off-site construction method Research involved: 1.nhbcfoundation:to examine current attitudes ,policies ansd use of mmc and its prospects for future,the NHBC foundation commissioned research amongst large and medium sized hose builders and large and medium size housing association in private and social residential sectors The research set out to answer the following question The extent to which organisationareembracinfg or considering mmc Factors which are driving their interest Reason for usinfg or rejecting mmc Benefits and drawbacks experirnced I use 2.the research undertaken by BRE shows the houses to be more energy efficient , on the contrary there was no evidence of transport and waste reduction Types of mmc: 1: volumetric construction: three dimensional units produced in factory fully fitted out and dropped onto foundation to form a structure e.g bathroom or kitchen 2: panelised construction: unit produced in factory and than assembled into three dimensional in field e.g concrete wall panels,curtain walling etc. 3: hybrid construction: volumetric construction integrated with panelised construction ADVANTAGES OF MMC: †¢ Economic MMC houses typically have fewer defectsand can be built more quickly. †¢ Environmental the houses can be more energyefficient, may involve less transport of materials, and  produce less waste. †¢ Social there may be fewer accidents and less impacton local residents during construction. Current use of MMC The majority of homes in the UK are still constructedusing traditional brick and block masonry. However,within the last few years there has been increased use ofMMC for housing, driven by a range of factors includingdemands for faster construction and skills shortages.There is uncertainty about the amount of MMC housing2being built. A few large private house builders haverecently invested in MMC factories so production willincrease. It is estimated by the National House BuildingCouncil that about 10% of new UK homes are built usingtimber frames, and 5% using other MMC; equivalent toabout 25,000 MMC homes per year. There aredifferences within the UK, most notably in Scotland,  where timber frames have long been preferred, International use of MMC: In Japan 40% of new housing uses MMC. In other Europeancountries there is also much greater use of MMC,particularly in Scandinavia and Germany. Indeed, somehouse building companies in Europe have started to exporttheir houses to the UK; for example, one UK HousingAssociation is importing modules from Poland.The reasons for greater use of MMC in these countries are  uncertain, but suggestions have included: †¢ in colder climates the building season is short due tobad weather use of MMC allows quick construction. †¢ MMC building materials, such as timber, are morereadily available. †¢ there is a greater tradition of self build housing. MMCappeals because faster construction reduces disruptionto neighbours and allows earlier occupancy. †¢ there are cultural preferences for certain house styles,e.g. timber frame in Scandinavia. Issues While the Government is keen to encourage use of MMCfor house building, research is still ongoing to assess itsbenefits. Issues arise over the cost of MMC; the industrycapacity; its environmental benefits; the quality of suchhousing; public acceptance; and planning and buildingregulations. These questions are considered below. Cost Although some house builders argue that MMC is lessexpensive than traditional methods, industry sourcesindicate increased costs of around 7-10%. Reasons forthe higher costs are difficult to discern because mostproject financial information is commercially confidential, and traditional masonry building costs vary widely too. Itmay be that the costs appear high because some benefits  of using MMC, such as better quality housing and feweraccidents, are not obviously reflected in project accounts.MMC housing is faster to build, reducing on-siteconstruction time by up to 50%, and thus reducinglabour costs. Quicker construction is an extra benefit forbuilders of apartments (because viewing often starts onlyonce all flats are finished), and for Housing Associations, who receive rent earlier. However, it is less important forprivate house builders as they rarely sell all the properties  on a new development at once.An additional consideration is that the majority of factoryoverhead costs , e.g. labour, are fixed regardless ofoutput. In contrast, site-based construction costs are only  incurred if building is taking place. It is therefore lesseasy with MMC to respond to fluctuating demand. Industry capacity Industry capacity may be a barrier to increasing thenumber of houses built using MMC. Difficulties fall intotwo categories: a shortage of skills, and the factory Skills: There is a shortage of skilled labour in the UKconstruction industry, with over 80% of house builders  reporting difficulties with recruitment. Using MMC tobuild house parts in factories, and faster on-site  construction, means that fewer labourers are required.Factory workers with previous experience in othersectors, such as the car industry, can also be used.However, there is uncertainty about the level of skillsneeded for MMC compared with masonry construction.MMC can require highly skilled labour for precise on-siteassembly of factory-made house parts. Some of theproblems with prefabricated housing built during the 20thcentury stemmed from poor skills, rather than defectswith the housing materials. The Construction IndustryTraining Board (known as CITB ConstructionSkills),funded by industry and Government, is developing MMCtraining courses for the estimated 2,000 workers erecting MMC housing with no formal qualifications. Governmenthas also suggested a need for training for other industry professionals, including surveyors, mortgage lenders, and planners, to ensure they are fully aware of MMC. Factories: There are currently over 30 house building factories in the UK. A recent survey found there iscurrent industry capacity to produce over 30,000 MMChomes per year.5 Therefore existing factory capacity  should be sufficient to produce about 17% of new UKhousing, based on a current building rate of 175,000homes per year. Production could be increased byimplementing more factory shifts. Environmental benefits: The Government is promoting the environmental benefits of MMC, as are many of the manufacturers. Research conducted by the Building Research Establishment (BRE) found MMC homes to be more energy efficient, but there was no significant evidence of waste and transportreductions. Evaluating the environmental benefits of a new MMC housing development is complex because it is difficult to attribute outcomes solely to the use of MMC Energy savings: Houses built using MMC typically require less energy toheat because of increased levels of insulation fitted in thewalls and roof, and also less air leakage from thebuilding. One of the reasons house builders are interestedin MMC is because they anticipate that the energyrequirements of the UK building regulations will soonbecome more stringent. The 2003 Energy White Paper committed the Government to implementing new energy related building regulations by 2005. Waste: Construction and demolition waste comprises 25% of UK waste. The amount of waste produced using MMC islikely to be reduced because factory materials can beordered to exact specifications, and there is a lower riskof on-site spoilage, e.g. through wet weather. However,there is little research confirming such reductions. Transport: Building homes in factories may reduce the total numberof trips to a building site. This is of growing importanceas more house building takes place on brownfield sitesin inner-city areas. Little detailed analysis has beenconducted to date on transport benefits, but they arelikely to vary considerably depending on the distancebetween the building site and the factory. Quality and accreditation: The number of defects in traditionally built homes in theUK is considerable, with house builders allocating up to £2,000 per house to rectify problems. Greater use offactory production can reduce defects because there isless risk of weather damage during construction, andmaterials can more easily be standardised and tested.However, if there is belatedly found to be a problem with a particular MMC then this would have been replicated inmany homes, because they are mass produced. Housingis built to last a minimum of 60 years, so problems couldgo unnoticed for some time. For this reason buildinginsurers, mortgage lenders, and surveyors are cautious about greater use of MMC. For example, some insurersare worried about the resilience of MMC to flooding. Incontrast, the risks of traditional site-based masonryconstruction are well known because the method has been used for a long time.Accreditation systems to test the performance of housingproducts are operated by the British Board of Agrà ©ment7and BRE Certification. But the process can take over a year and cost up to  £100,000, meaning that not allcompanies apply. Six housing MMC have been grantedaccreditation so far, with three more in the pipeline. Ifhouses are built using unaccredited methods then it canbe difficult to gain buildings insurance, and hence amortgage. Some manufacturers argue that Governmentshould offer grants to assist with accreditation.The Council of Mortgage Lenders suggests that theHousing Corporation should make it mandatory to useaccredited methods when building social housing. TheHousing Corporation is reluctant to do so because itbelieves the decision about which MMC to use should betaken by individual Housing Associations. Also, with the 25% MMC target commencing in 2004, there areconcerns that there would be insufficient industry  capacity if Housing Associations were limited to usingaccredited manufacturers. Government and industrybodies are in preliminary discussions about options for afast-track accreditation scheme. Public attitudes: There are industry concerns about the publicacceptability of MMC housing. A survey of MMCmanufacturers identified lack of market demand andpublic perception as the two most important limitationson expansion.5 Industry concerns reflect public opinion:in a 2001 MORI poll, 69% of respondents felt a brickbuilt home would fetch a better price.8 Negative attitudestowards MMC may stem from highly publicised problemswith historical use of prefabricated housing. There arealso concerns that if more innovative MMC is usedexclusively for social housing the distinctive design may  mean residents are stigmatised. However, all but onetenant of a new social housing MMC development inLondon said they would be willing to buy a similar home.Also, because most UK MMC developments are made tolook like traditional brick houses, potential occupant may be unaware of the construction method. Planning: The planning system has an important indirect influenceon the MMC market because of its role in determiningthe supply of land for house building. Governmentplanning policy is laid down in Planning Policy Guidance(PPG), one of which (PPG3) is about housing. PPG3covers issues such as housing density, but use of MMC isnot currently mentioned, and planning guidance wouldnot generally cover such details about construction type. Building Regulations: The UK building regulations do not specify buildingmaterials or construction method, but instead set  minimum performance standards. Proposed changes tothe building regulations covering energy efficiency,broadband access and structural integrity areforthcoming. These changes may make it cheaper andeasier for MMC to meet the regulations compared withtraditional masonry construction. Health and safety: The construction industry is one of the most dangerousfor workers, with about 100 deaths per year in the UK.MMC could improve safety because there is a reducedrisk of accidents in a controlled factory environment, andless time is spent on the construction site. The Healthand Safety Executive, who regulate construction safety,are encouraging the use of MMC. EXAMPLES OF MMC: Zurich Municipals definition is: A construction process that can encompass the use of composite new and traditional materials and components often with extensive factory produced sub-assembly sections. This may be in combination with accelerated on-site assembly methods and often to the exclusion of many of the construction industry traditional trades. The process includes new buildings and retrofitting, repair and extension of existing buildings. Identified below are examples of more common types of MMC: 1. Super-structure Modular Construction Pod Construction Open panel Timber frame and Steel frame Structural Insulated Panels Solid Cross Laminated Timber Panels 2. On-site technologies Insulated Concrete Formwork (ICF) External Finishing Systems Timber Cladding External   Finishing Systems (EIFS) Brick Slip System Green Wall and Roofs For new build developments using Modern Methods of Construction evaluating the following areas and implementing controls will help ensure a successful build: Build quality control e.g. adequacy of inspection regimes during the build Selection and competency criteria for contractors Standards for construction site fire safety Standards for construction site security Compliance with published safety guidance e.g. trade associations, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or insurer recommendations Emergency procedures Design Considerations Reducing risk at the design phase is an important component in the delivery of a successful build. Ensuring all stakeholders are engaged in reducing risk ultimately adds value by ensuring potential losses can be minimised as well as more subtle benefits through reduced maintenance costs, improved occupier satisfaction and well-being. An example of reducing risk for wall construction is given below but the principle of reducing risk should be applied across all elements of the design. The wall or facade of the building can have a material impact upon the arson or accidental fire risk. It can also affect the fire spread risk should a fire occur and ultimately the extent of any loss. Within the social housing sector there continues to be a demand for Modern Methods of Construction (MMC). MMC can offer advantages such as improved build time, environmental benefits and reduced on-site labour costs. The extent of these benefits often depends upon the size of development and design employ Pros and Cons of Modular Construction Pros: Thanks to the ability for the project to run simultaneously on-site and in-factory, modular construction can be up to 50% quicker than traditional construction. As major parts of construction are handled within a factory, weather conditions are often irrelevant during the majority of the project. The factory-based manufacturing process allows not only for greater quality control during the manufacturing process but for many health and safety risks to be considerably reduced, if not eliminated, The process aims to minimise waste and reduce the projects carbon footprint, as fewer people are travelling to the site and modules are produced directly to spec using Computer Aided Manufacturing. The impact on the community surrounding the construction site can be significantly reduced, due to much lower levels of noise and traffic during the project period The methods employed in modular construction can often benefit the energy efficiency and airtightness of the final construction Cons: Access to the site must be considered from the very beginning, as it will need to allow for the delivery of large modules. Traditional construction allows for later design changes, while modular construction is unlikely to be able to factor these in, so early complete design sign off is crucial with clients. The logistics and planning of individual module assembly will need rigorous planning to ensure a smooth project. WHY MODERN METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OUTPERFORMS TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION AT EVERY LEVEL: following are the reasons: 1) they are manufactured in less time. 2) they are well designed in a control environment. 3) as they are designed in a controlled environment, there are very low chances of errors and quality compromise. 4) they are cheap as compared to traditional methods. 5) due to rapid demand of infratructure.it is the future of construction industry. 6) less labour is required. 7) it is easily assembled and can be easily re-assembled. 8) it offers greator choice and adaptability. 9) it is very economical and efficient method Conclusion: In short mmc is very good   to be adopted because it reduces times and save energy secondly the structure is very efficient rather by adopting old cultural techniques.In most of developing country is mmc is adopted like in England,china,japan,America etc. In modern method of construction structure can easily be placed and removed when new changes are required but skilled labour is needed for operation.

I.T Faliure And Dependence :: essays research papers

In Today’s Society we are so Dependent on I.T that the Consequences of its Failure May be Catastrophic. Discuss the Threats and Causes of Failure, and Steps Taken to Minimise it. In today’s world it is impossible to run a large organisation without the aid of computers. Businesses hold massive amounts of important data, hospitals hold large amounts of confidential patient information and large scientific research projects hold important codes, formulae, and equations. The bottom line is that loss or corruption of this information is sure to result in bankruptcy, a substantial loss of customers, and even world-wide financial meltdown. A dependency on technology is impossible to avoid – even with its fatal consequences. Companies face the worry of information lost through hacking, virus corruption, and even physical threats such as fire and flood. Viruses are the most common threat to companies they can corrupt large amounts of files and data both kinds of virus, biological and electronic, take over the host cell/program and clone their carrier genetic codes by instructing the hosts to make replicas of the viruses. Neither kind of virus, however, can replicate themselves independently; they are pieces of code that attach themselves to other cells/programs, Just as biological viruses need a host cell, computer viruses require a host program to activate them. Once such example of the damage done by viruses occurred in 1988. A Cornell University hacker named Robert Morris used the national network system Internet, which include the Pentagon's ARPAnet data exchange network. The nation's high-tech ideologues and spin doctors have been locked in debate since, trying to make ethical and economic sense of the event. The virus rapidly infected an estimated six thousand computers around the USA This created a scare that crowned an open season of viral hysteria in the media, in the course of which, according to the Computer Virus Industry Association in Santa Clara, the number of known viruses jumped from seven to thirty during 1988, and from three thousand infections in the first two months of that year to thirty thousand in the last two months. While it caused little in the way of data damage (some richly inflated initial estimates reckoned up to $100m in down time), the ramifications of the Internet virus have helped to generate a moral panic that has all but transformed everyday "computer culture." Other worrying viruses include â€Å"Pathogen† which was created by Christopher Pile. I.T Faliure And Dependence :: essays research papers In Today’s Society we are so Dependent on I.T that the Consequences of its Failure May be Catastrophic. Discuss the Threats and Causes of Failure, and Steps Taken to Minimise it. In today’s world it is impossible to run a large organisation without the aid of computers. Businesses hold massive amounts of important data, hospitals hold large amounts of confidential patient information and large scientific research projects hold important codes, formulae, and equations. The bottom line is that loss or corruption of this information is sure to result in bankruptcy, a substantial loss of customers, and even world-wide financial meltdown. A dependency on technology is impossible to avoid – even with its fatal consequences. Companies face the worry of information lost through hacking, virus corruption, and even physical threats such as fire and flood. Viruses are the most common threat to companies they can corrupt large amounts of files and data both kinds of virus, biological and electronic, take over the host cell/program and clone their carrier genetic codes by instructing the hosts to make replicas of the viruses. Neither kind of virus, however, can replicate themselves independently; they are pieces of code that attach themselves to other cells/programs, Just as biological viruses need a host cell, computer viruses require a host program to activate them. Once such example of the damage done by viruses occurred in 1988. A Cornell University hacker named Robert Morris used the national network system Internet, which include the Pentagon's ARPAnet data exchange network. The nation's high-tech ideologues and spin doctors have been locked in debate since, trying to make ethical and economic sense of the event. The virus rapidly infected an estimated six thousand computers around the USA This created a scare that crowned an open season of viral hysteria in the media, in the course of which, according to the Computer Virus Industry Association in Santa Clara, the number of known viruses jumped from seven to thirty during 1988, and from three thousand infections in the first two months of that year to thirty thousand in the last two months. While it caused little in the way of data damage (some richly inflated initial estimates reckoned up to $100m in down time), the ramifications of the Internet virus have helped to generate a moral panic that has all but transformed everyday "computer culture." Other worrying viruses include â€Å"Pathogen† which was created by Christopher Pile.