A trend of festival-style events within hospitality industry Term Paper

A trend of festival-style events within hospitality industry - Term Paper Example Church (2013) states that any people have embraced events refreshing in order to continue appealing to the audience and adapt to the emerging festival-style events. There are four main reasons for this move, firstly, there is a shift of events from infotainment and edutainment to "idea-tainment". Its implication to the event management is overt, there should be a move from boring conference speech to the multiplicity of activities. Moreover, creation of crowd sourced ideas is instrumental in enriching events. Secondly, there is a shift from events monologue to dialogue, meaning the audience involvement is the pillar of successful events. With the need for a dialogue approach to the event succeeds, majority of hospitality-skilled event managers have opted for festival-style events (Drake 2013). Thirdly, there is a growing phenomenon in event designs that encourages the use of user-generated ideas. A new generation of people has digital access to polylogues and, as a result, the new ideas are no longer discussed top-down but rather at horizontal platform (Kim et al,. 2013). With innovative and informed audience, the place of the monologue lecture has no place. Festival-style events allow freestyle sharing of entertainment and important event activities. Lastly, there is a lot of information that can be shared in any event, and the traditional lecture approach would not allow for maximum sharing of information. With festival-style events, it allows small buzz groups that are nested within the event entertainment spree. The opportunity provided by this new strategy allows for maximum interaction during and after event. In addition, it keeps the formal event sandwiched within the long list of agenda thus allowing for change from the formal to a free-style event. Mair & Whitfold (2013) states that event management does not belong to the faint hearted; it requires resilience and

Exam paper on business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exam paper on business strategy - Essay Example Its limitation is that two firms of same industry with MBV- strategy do not grow with similar pace despite opting for similar options. For example, firms opt to sail the ocean for being the safest alternate without sailor in the team while ignoring mountain-ing for being less attractive alternative despite having skilled mountaineers. RBV based strategy ignores the demand side of the business. It relies solely on the endogenous aspect and ignores the exogenous factors’ effect on firm. Hence, to void the limitation, firm has lent support from both views complementing each other than contrast. Apple Inc’s success is the strategy being combination of both views. For instance, team with innovative skills exploited the market factors that welcome changes in new dimensions; hence giving hit products like iPod, iPad. ANSWER 3 Greiner’s Theory (1972) refers that firm growth is a subset of six phases each comprising of stable growth followed by a challenge before entering the succeeding phase. It suggests that phases occur in series; therefore, predictable challenges (evolution) to be accounted in a predictable way (revolution). Firm initially grows with creativity and establishing position in the market and after some time it faces challenge of leadership crises. This challenge requires professional management for further growth. Growth in second phase continues to expand with direction and increase in scale hence, leads to issues in managing thing by few personnel. Evolution of structural change mainly with delegation of power becomes the need to maintain survival. Upon delegation development, firm grows through third phase for some time and lands to the control crises. It now requires business to strengthen connections among the business -units to maintain growth in single direction with co-ordination and monitoring. 4th phase of growth through connectivity ends up to red tape issues and bureaucracy. These issues hamper growth again requiring man agement to induce collaborative culture than centralized control. Collaborative culture results firm fostering with more of matrix and team based structures but also ends up once firm has exploited maximum of the internal capabilities and faces internal growth crises. Evolution from this crisis requires firm to shake hands with complementary organizations to maintain growth. This sixth stage growth, recently added, refers to merger, networks, alliances, outsourcing etc. Growth rate in phases vary from company to company and even within company from phase to phase. However, longer the phases harder it will be implement transition by catering crises. ANSWER 4 Resources and Competencies held by organization are all not of equal strength when evaluated on the yardstick to provide firm a competitive advantage against competitors. Strength of the Resource Based View refers that resources and competencies that possess value, rarity, inimitability and non-substitutability characteristics, a cronym as VRIN, are of immense importance to organization. Organizational strategy aligning VRIN-resources and competencies with external environmental factors form the foundation of success. Successful organization such as Wall- Mart (Strong Supply Chain), Tesco (UK national and supply Chain), Apple (Innovative Human Resource), Starbucks (expertise in providing premium flavour of coffee) have profited globally upon strategically by

Modern Methods of Construction Industry

Modern Methods of Construction Industry MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLGY Definition: MMC is a term used to describe a number of construction methods which differ from traditional construction. Other terms that are commonly used include off-site construction, factory-built, industrialised or system building and pre-fabrication. History: Construction history is thus key to understanding and dating   structures. If you can show that a particular technique was used in a certain period, then you can use that information to date a building or construction or subsequent additions to a building. As most buildings are added to over time, being able to show when changes were made is fundamental to understanding how old and how significant they   are. Allied to our understanding of the role and conditions of those who worked on building sites, construction history seeks to understand how people in the past thought about building technology itself. How did they calculate whether something would stand up? How did they set out buildings on the ground? Here there is a clear overlap with the history of engineering and the building professionals, including the roles of overseers, designers, architects and engineers in every period. Construction History encompasses all periods from the various earliest signs of human activity to the very recent past, from cave dwellings to nuclear power stations. Obviously the techniques used to study these periods vary. Early buildings lack written records, so the descriptions tend to depend entirely on archaeological recording and interpretation. Later, written records can be used along with archaeological recording. In more recent periods very details accounts may survive, with drawings, models and photographs to show how building were put together and oral histories can be compiled from those who worked on them Prefabricated housing has been used in the UK duringperiods of high demand, such as after the World Warsand during the slum clearances of the 1960s. In totalabout 1 million prefabricated homes were built duringthe 20th century, many of which were designed to betemporary. However, problems arose over the quality ofbuilding materials and poor workmanship, leading to negative public attitudes towards prefabrication. Nevertheless it has continued to be used in the UK forhospitals, hotels and schools, as well as for housing inother countries. MMC is a new term intended to reflect technical improvements in prefabrication, encompassinga range of on and off-site construction method Research involved: 1.nhbcfoundation:to examine current attitudes ,policies ansd use of mmc and its prospects for future,the NHBC foundation commissioned research amongst large and medium sized hose builders and large and medium size housing association in private and social residential sectors The research set out to answer the following question The extent to which organisationareembracinfg or considering mmc Factors which are driving their interest Reason for usinfg or rejecting mmc Benefits and drawbacks experirnced I use 2.the research undertaken by BRE shows the houses to be more energy efficient , on the contrary there was no evidence of transport and waste reduction Types of mmc: 1: volumetric construction: three dimensional units produced in factory fully fitted out and dropped onto foundation to form a structure e.g bathroom or kitchen 2: panelised construction: unit produced in factory and than assembled into three dimensional in field e.g concrete wall panels,curtain walling etc. 3: hybrid construction: volumetric construction integrated with panelised construction ADVANTAGES OF MMC: †¢ Economic MMC houses typically have fewer defectsand can be built more quickly. †¢ Environmental the houses can be more energyefficient, may involve less transport of materials, and  produce less waste. †¢ Social there may be fewer accidents and less impacton local residents during construction. Current use of MMC The majority of homes in the UK are still constructedusing traditional brick and block masonry. However,within the last few years there has been increased use ofMMC for housing, driven by a range of factors includingdemands for faster construction and skills shortages.There is uncertainty about the amount of MMC housing2being built. A few large private house builders haverecently invested in MMC factories so production willincrease. It is estimated by the National House BuildingCouncil that about 10% of new UK homes are built usingtimber frames, and 5% using other MMC; equivalent toabout 25,000 MMC homes per year. There aredifferences within the UK, most notably in Scotland,  where timber frames have long been preferred, International use of MMC: In Japan 40% of new housing uses MMC. In other Europeancountries there is also much greater use of MMC,particularly in Scandinavia and Germany. Indeed, somehouse building companies in Europe have started to exporttheir houses to the UK; for example, one UK HousingAssociation is importing modules from Poland.The reasons for greater use of MMC in these countries are  uncertain, but suggestions have included: †¢ in colder climates the building season is short due tobad weather use of MMC allows quick construction. †¢ MMC building materials, such as timber, are morereadily available. †¢ there is a greater tradition of self build housing. MMCappeals because faster construction reduces disruptionto neighbours and allows earlier occupancy. †¢ there are cultural preferences for certain house styles,e.g. timber frame in Scandinavia. Issues While the Government is keen to encourage use of MMCfor house building, research is still ongoing to assess itsbenefits. Issues arise over the cost of MMC; the industrycapacity; its environmental benefits; the quality of suchhousing; public acceptance; and planning and buildingregulations. These questions are considered below. Cost Although some house builders argue that MMC is lessexpensive than traditional methods, industry sourcesindicate increased costs of around 7-10%. Reasons forthe higher costs are difficult to discern because mostproject financial information is commercially confidential, and traditional masonry building costs vary widely too. Itmay be that the costs appear high because some benefits  of using MMC, such as better quality housing and feweraccidents, are not obviously reflected in project accounts.MMC housing is faster to build, reducing on-siteconstruction time by up to 50%, and thus reducinglabour costs. Quicker construction is an extra benefit forbuilders of apartments (because viewing often starts onlyonce all flats are finished), and for Housing Associations, who receive rent earlier. However, it is less important forprivate house builders as they rarely sell all the properties  on a new development at once.An additional consideration is that the majority of factoryoverhead costs , e.g. labour, are fixed regardless ofoutput. In contrast, site-based construction costs are only  incurred if building is taking place. It is therefore lesseasy with MMC to respond to fluctuating demand. Industry capacity Industry capacity may be a barrier to increasing thenumber of houses built using MMC. Difficulties fall intotwo categories: a shortage of skills, and the factory Skills: There is a shortage of skilled labour in the UKconstruction industry, with over 80% of house builders  reporting difficulties with recruitment. Using MMC tobuild house parts in factories, and faster on-site  construction, means that fewer labourers are required.Factory workers with previous experience in othersectors, such as the car industry, can also be used.However, there is uncertainty about the level of skillsneeded for MMC compared with masonry construction.MMC can require highly skilled labour for precise on-siteassembly of factory-made house parts. Some of theproblems with prefabricated housing built during the 20thcentury stemmed from poor skills, rather than defectswith the housing materials. The Construction IndustryTraining Board (known as CITB ConstructionSkills),funded by industry and Government, is developing MMCtraining courses for the estimated 2,000 workers erecting MMC housing with no formal qualifications. Governmenthas also suggested a need for training for other industry professionals, including surveyors, mortgage lenders, and planners, to ensure they are fully aware of MMC. Factories: There are currently over 30 house building factories in the UK. A recent survey found there iscurrent industry capacity to produce over 30,000 MMChomes per year.5 Therefore existing factory capacity  should be sufficient to produce about 17% of new UKhousing, based on a current building rate of 175,000homes per year. Production could be increased byimplementing more factory shifts. Environmental benefits: The Government is promoting the environmental benefits of MMC, as are many of the manufacturers. Research conducted by the Building Research Establishment (BRE) found MMC homes to be more energy efficient, but there was no significant evidence of waste and transportreductions. Evaluating the environmental benefits of a new MMC housing development is complex because it is difficult to attribute outcomes solely to the use of MMC Energy savings: Houses built using MMC typically require less energy toheat because of increased levels of insulation fitted in thewalls and roof, and also less air leakage from thebuilding. One of the reasons house builders are interestedin MMC is because they anticipate that the energyrequirements of the UK building regulations will soonbecome more stringent. The 2003 Energy White Paper committed the Government to implementing new energy related building regulations by 2005. Waste: Construction and demolition waste comprises 25% of UK waste. The amount of waste produced using MMC islikely to be reduced because factory materials can beordered to exact specifications, and there is a lower riskof on-site spoilage, e.g. through wet weather. However,there is little research confirming such reductions. Transport: Building homes in factories may reduce the total numberof trips to a building site. This is of growing importanceas more house building takes place on brownfield sitesin inner-city areas. Little detailed analysis has beenconducted to date on transport benefits, but they arelikely to vary considerably depending on the distancebetween the building site and the factory. Quality and accreditation: The number of defects in traditionally built homes in theUK is considerable, with house builders allocating up to £2,000 per house to rectify problems. Greater use offactory production can reduce defects because there isless risk of weather damage during construction, andmaterials can more easily be standardised and tested.However, if there is belatedly found to be a problem with a particular MMC then this would have been replicated inmany homes, because they are mass produced. Housingis built to last a minimum of 60 years, so problems couldgo unnoticed for some time. For this reason buildinginsurers, mortgage lenders, and surveyors are cautious about greater use of MMC. For example, some insurersare worried about the resilience of MMC to flooding. Incontrast, the risks of traditional site-based masonryconstruction are well known because the method has been used for a long time.Accreditation systems to test the performance of housingproducts are operated by the British Board of Agrà ©ment7and BRE Certification. But the process can take over a year and cost up to  £100,000, meaning that not allcompanies apply. Six housing MMC have been grantedaccreditation so far, with three more in the pipeline. Ifhouses are built using unaccredited methods then it canbe difficult to gain buildings insurance, and hence amortgage. Some manufacturers argue that Governmentshould offer grants to assist with accreditation.The Council of Mortgage Lenders suggests that theHousing Corporation should make it mandatory to useaccredited methods when building social housing. TheHousing Corporation is reluctant to do so because itbelieves the decision about which MMC to use should betaken by individual Housing Associations. Also, with the 25% MMC target commencing in 2004, there areconcerns that there would be insufficient industry  capacity if Housing Associations were limited to usingaccredited manufacturers. Government and industrybodies are in preliminary discussions about options for afast-track accreditation scheme. Public attitudes: There are industry concerns about the publicacceptability of MMC housing. A survey of MMCmanufacturers identified lack of market demand andpublic perception as the two most important limitationson expansion.5 Industry concerns reflect public opinion:in a 2001 MORI poll, 69% of respondents felt a brickbuilt home would fetch a better price.8 Negative attitudestowards MMC may stem from highly publicised problemswith historical use of prefabricated housing. There arealso concerns that if more innovative MMC is usedexclusively for social housing the distinctive design may  mean residents are stigmatised. However, all but onetenant of a new social housing MMC development inLondon said they would be willing to buy a similar home.Also, because most UK MMC developments are made tolook like traditional brick houses, potential occupant may be unaware of the construction method. Planning: The planning system has an important indirect influenceon the MMC market because of its role in determiningthe supply of land for house building. Governmentplanning policy is laid down in Planning Policy Guidance(PPG), one of which (PPG3) is about housing. PPG3covers issues such as housing density, but use of MMC isnot currently mentioned, and planning guidance wouldnot generally cover such details about construction type. Building Regulations: The UK building regulations do not specify buildingmaterials or construction method, but instead set  minimum performance standards. Proposed changes tothe building regulations covering energy efficiency,broadband access and structural integrity areforthcoming. These changes may make it cheaper andeasier for MMC to meet the regulations compared withtraditional masonry construction. Health and safety: The construction industry is one of the most dangerousfor workers, with about 100 deaths per year in the UK.MMC could improve safety because there is a reducedrisk of accidents in a controlled factory environment, andless time is spent on the construction site. The Healthand Safety Executive, who regulate construction safety,are encouraging the use of MMC. EXAMPLES OF MMC: Zurich Municipals definition is: A construction process that can encompass the use of composite new and traditional materials and components often with extensive factory produced sub-assembly sections. This may be in combination with accelerated on-site assembly methods and often to the exclusion of many of the construction industry traditional trades. The process includes new buildings and retrofitting, repair and extension of existing buildings. Identified below are examples of more common types of MMC: 1. Super-structure Modular Construction Pod Construction Open panel Timber frame and Steel frame Structural Insulated Panels Solid Cross Laminated Timber Panels 2. On-site technologies Insulated Concrete Formwork (ICF) External Finishing Systems Timber Cladding External   Finishing Systems (EIFS) Brick Slip System Green Wall and Roofs For new build developments using Modern Methods of Construction evaluating the following areas and implementing controls will help ensure a successful build: Build quality control e.g. adequacy of inspection regimes during the build Selection and competency criteria for contractors Standards for construction site fire safety Standards for construction site security Compliance with published safety guidance e.g. trade associations, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or insurer recommendations Emergency procedures Design Considerations Reducing risk at the design phase is an important component in the delivery of a successful build. Ensuring all stakeholders are engaged in reducing risk ultimately adds value by ensuring potential losses can be minimised as well as more subtle benefits through reduced maintenance costs, improved occupier satisfaction and well-being. An example of reducing risk for wall construction is given below but the principle of reducing risk should be applied across all elements of the design. The wall or facade of the building can have a material impact upon the arson or accidental fire risk. It can also affect the fire spread risk should a fire occur and ultimately the extent of any loss. Within the social housing sector there continues to be a demand for Modern Methods of Construction (MMC). MMC can offer advantages such as improved build time, environmental benefits and reduced on-site labour costs. The extent of these benefits often depends upon the size of development and design employ Pros and Cons of Modular Construction Pros: Thanks to the ability for the project to run simultaneously on-site and in-factory, modular construction can be up to 50% quicker than traditional construction. As major parts of construction are handled within a factory, weather conditions are often irrelevant during the majority of the project. The factory-based manufacturing process allows not only for greater quality control during the manufacturing process but for many health and safety risks to be considerably reduced, if not eliminated, The process aims to minimise waste and reduce the projects carbon footprint, as fewer people are travelling to the site and modules are produced directly to spec using Computer Aided Manufacturing. The impact on the community surrounding the construction site can be significantly reduced, due to much lower levels of noise and traffic during the project period The methods employed in modular construction can often benefit the energy efficiency and airtightness of the final construction Cons: Access to the site must be considered from the very beginning, as it will need to allow for the delivery of large modules. Traditional construction allows for later design changes, while modular construction is unlikely to be able to factor these in, so early complete design sign off is crucial with clients. The logistics and planning of individual module assembly will need rigorous planning to ensure a smooth project. WHY MODERN METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OUTPERFORMS TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION AT EVERY LEVEL: following are the reasons: 1) they are manufactured in less time. 2) they are well designed in a control environment. 3) as they are designed in a controlled environment, there are very low chances of errors and quality compromise. 4) they are cheap as compared to traditional methods. 5) due to rapid demand of infratructure.it is the future of construction industry. 6) less labour is required. 7) it is easily assembled and can be easily re-assembled. 8) it offers greator choice and adaptability. 9) it is very economical and efficient method Conclusion: In short mmc is very good   to be adopted because it reduces times and save energy secondly the structure is very efficient rather by adopting old cultural techniques.In most of developing country is mmc is adopted like in England,china,japan,America etc. In modern method of construction structure can easily be placed and removed when new changes are required but skilled labour is needed for operation.

I.T Faliure And Dependence :: essays research papers

In Today’s Society we are so Dependent on I.T that the Consequences of its Failure May be Catastrophic. Discuss the Threats and Causes of Failure, and Steps Taken to Minimise it. In today’s world it is impossible to run a large organisation without the aid of computers. Businesses hold massive amounts of important data, hospitals hold large amounts of confidential patient information and large scientific research projects hold important codes, formulae, and equations. The bottom line is that loss or corruption of this information is sure to result in bankruptcy, a substantial loss of customers, and even world-wide financial meltdown. A dependency on technology is impossible to avoid – even with its fatal consequences. Companies face the worry of information lost through hacking, virus corruption, and even physical threats such as fire and flood. Viruses are the most common threat to companies they can corrupt large amounts of files and data both kinds of virus, biological and electronic, take over the host cell/program and clone their carrier genetic codes by instructing the hosts to make replicas of the viruses. Neither kind of virus, however, can replicate themselves independently; they are pieces of code that attach themselves to other cells/programs, Just as biological viruses need a host cell, computer viruses require a host program to activate them. Once such example of the damage done by viruses occurred in 1988. A Cornell University hacker named Robert Morris used the national network system Internet, which include the Pentagon's ARPAnet data exchange network. The nation's high-tech ideologues and spin doctors have been locked in debate since, trying to make ethical and economic sense of the event. The virus rapidly infected an estimated six thousand computers around the USA This created a scare that crowned an open season of viral hysteria in the media, in the course of which, according to the Computer Virus Industry Association in Santa Clara, the number of known viruses jumped from seven to thirty during 1988, and from three thousand infections in the first two months of that year to thirty thousand in the last two months. While it caused little in the way of data damage (some richly inflated initial estimates reckoned up to $100m in down time), the ramifications of the Internet virus have helped to generate a moral panic that has all but transformed everyday "computer culture." Other worrying viruses include â€Å"Pathogen† which was created by Christopher Pile. I.T Faliure And Dependence :: essays research papers In Today’s Society we are so Dependent on I.T that the Consequences of its Failure May be Catastrophic. Discuss the Threats and Causes of Failure, and Steps Taken to Minimise it. In today’s world it is impossible to run a large organisation without the aid of computers. Businesses hold massive amounts of important data, hospitals hold large amounts of confidential patient information and large scientific research projects hold important codes, formulae, and equations. The bottom line is that loss or corruption of this information is sure to result in bankruptcy, a substantial loss of customers, and even world-wide financial meltdown. A dependency on technology is impossible to avoid – even with its fatal consequences. Companies face the worry of information lost through hacking, virus corruption, and even physical threats such as fire and flood. Viruses are the most common threat to companies they can corrupt large amounts of files and data both kinds of virus, biological and electronic, take over the host cell/program and clone their carrier genetic codes by instructing the hosts to make replicas of the viruses. Neither kind of virus, however, can replicate themselves independently; they are pieces of code that attach themselves to other cells/programs, Just as biological viruses need a host cell, computer viruses require a host program to activate them. Once such example of the damage done by viruses occurred in 1988. A Cornell University hacker named Robert Morris used the national network system Internet, which include the Pentagon's ARPAnet data exchange network. The nation's high-tech ideologues and spin doctors have been locked in debate since, trying to make ethical and economic sense of the event. The virus rapidly infected an estimated six thousand computers around the USA This created a scare that crowned an open season of viral hysteria in the media, in the course of which, according to the Computer Virus Industry Association in Santa Clara, the number of known viruses jumped from seven to thirty during 1988, and from three thousand infections in the first two months of that year to thirty thousand in the last two months. While it caused little in the way of data damage (some richly inflated initial estimates reckoned up to $100m in down time), the ramifications of the Internet virus have helped to generate a moral panic that has all but transformed everyday "computer culture." Other worrying viruses include â€Å"Pathogen† which was created by Christopher Pile.

Difficult Task Force Essay

Josà © has been appointed chair of a steering task force to design the primary product line for a new joint venture between companies from Japan, the United States, and South America. The new joint venture company will make, sell, and service pet caskets (coffins) for the burial of beloved pets, mostly dogs and cats. One month earlier, each company had assigned personnel to the task force: From the Japanese company, Furuay Masahiko from Yokohama, assistant to the president of the Japanese company; Hamada Isao from Tokyo, director of marketing from its technology group; and Noto Takeshi from Tokyo, assistant director of its financial management department. From the United States company, Thomas Boone from Chicago, the top purchasing manager from its lumber and forest lands group; Richard Maret from Buffalo, the codirector of the company’s information systems group; and Billy Bob â€Å"Tex† Johnson from Arizona, the former CEO, now retired and a consultant for the compan y. From the South American company, Mariana Preus from Argentina, the head of product design for that company’s specialty animal products group; Hector Bonilla from their Mexico City division, an expert in automated systems design for wood products; and Mauricio Gomes, in charge of design and construction for the plant, which will be located in southern Chile to take advantage of the vast forest there. These members were chosen for their expertise in various areas and were taking valuable time away from their normal assignments to participate in the joint venture. As chair of the task force, Josà © had scheduled an initial meeting for 10:00 A.M. Josà © started the meeting by reviewing the history of the development of the joint venture and how the three company presidents had decided to create it. Then, Josà © reviewed the market for the new high-end, designer pet coffins, stressing that this task force was to develop the initial design parameters for the new product to meet increasing demand around the world. He then opened the meeting for comments and suggestions. Mariana Preus spoke first: â€Å"In my opinion, the current designs that we have  in production in our Argentina plant are just fine. They are topnotch designs, using the latest technology for processing. They use the best woods available and they should sell great. I don’t see why we have to design a whole new product line.† Noto Takeshi agreed and urged the committee to recommend that the current designs were good enough and should be immediately incorporated into the plans for the new manufacturing plant. Josà © interrupted the discussion: â€Å"Look, the council of presidents put this joint venture together to completely revolutionize the product and its manufacture based on solid evidence and industry data. We are to redesign the product and its manufacturing systems. That is our job, so let’s get started.† Josà © knew that the presidents had considered using existing designs but had rejected the idea because the designs were too old and not easil y manufacturable at costs low enough to make a significant impact on the market. He told the group this and reminded them that the purpose of the committee was to design a new product. The members then began discussing possible new design elements, but the discussion always returned to the benefits of using the existing designs. Finally, Tex spoke up: â€Å"I think we ought to do what Mariana suggested earlier. It makes no sense to me to design new caskets when the existing designs are good enough to do the job.† The others nodded their heads in agreement. Josà © again reminded them of the task force’s purpose and said such a recommendation would not be well received by the council of presidents. Nevertheless, the group insisted that Josà © write a memo to the council of presidents with the recommendation to use existing designs and to begin immediately to design the plant and the manufacturing system. The meeting adjourned and the members headed to the golf course at 10:45 A.M. Josà © returned to his computer and started to write the memo, but he knew it would anger the presidents. He hoped he would not be held responsible for the actions of the task force, even though he was its chair. He wondered what had gone wrong and what he could have done to prevent it. Case Questions Which characteristics of group behavior discussed in the chapter can you identify in this case? How did the diverse nature of the group affect the committee’s actions? If you were in Jose’s position, what would you have done differently? What would you do now?

Neo Natal Death In Jamaica Health And Social Care Essay

Interviews and treatment groups will be held with female parents sampled from the major infirmaries located in Kingston. Participants will be twosomes who have experienced a perinatal loss within the last 6 old ages and the subsequent effects of this loss. Data will be coded thematically with specific mentions to country of abode, educational degree, ethnicity, phase of gestation loss and age. A Depression Inventory Scale will be a major instrument to help in finding the presence and degree of depression in some of these twosomes. Depending on the schemes that will be used to place sample countries and participants, the extent to which findings can be generalised may be limited. The survey will supply fresh penetrations into how adult females who have experienced perinatal loss would profit from intercessions to assist them through anxiety-filled gestations and trade with the stressors they may confront in life. Challenges or obstructions in this survey may include high rates of acco mpaniment amongst gestational age of loss and mental wellness before the loss, accompaniments of perinatal loss with other serious life hardships, age of oncoming, figure of populating kids and trouble in doing causal illations. Chapter 1: Introduction Background to the job Early gestation loss is a complicated psychological event that occurs in 12 % to 24 % of recognized gestations ( Carter D, Misri & A ; Tomfohr 2007 ) . This is non the same as Neonatal or perinatal loss. Perinatal includes early neonatal loss every bit good as spontaneous abortions. Neonatal losingss are those babes born alive and decease within a hebdomad ( early ) or 28 yearss ( late ) . Still births are those babes which are born dead that likely would hold survived ( Feasible ) normally gestational age over 24weeks ( some still say 28 hebdomads ) or birth weight of more than 500grams. If you include losingss before this period so this includes self-generated abortions which would include the early gestation losingss above. Many of these are non even recognised, but many will hold a similar consequence on the adult female as you have pointed out above. Harmonizing to Carter et.al ( 2007 ) , adult females who have experienced perinatal deceases frequently have common mourning reactions, and while for most adult females, the strength and experience of these reactions diminishes over clip, a significant minority of adult females will develop long term psychiatric effects. Depression, symptoms of anxiousness, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder are the most normally reported psychological reactions to miscarriage. Harmonizing to Hutti ( 2005 ) , this loss is besides associated with self-destruction and matrimonial struggle. Although research has indicated that perinatal loss can ensue in serious upsets of depression and anxiousness, it has been noted that some adult females display important sums of resiliency ( Carter et.al, 2007 ) . Carter farther stated that the positive side of this resiliency may change harmonizing to the individual, household construction and the relationship with the male parent. Preliminary scrutiny of this job by Neugebeaur and Sergievsky ( 2003 ) indicates that there is a higher degree of depressive symptoms among adult females who have experienced a perinatal loss than among adult females who have non been pregnant within recent times. ( make you mean to utilize these adult females as controls for your survey? ) They postulated that depressive symptoms were more likely to be seen in the 6-8 hebdomad period following the loss, than those who did non hold a recent period of loss. Although age was a noteworthy factor in this survey, the womenaa‚Â ¬a„?s matrimonial position, figure of kids, ethnicity and educational degree did non significantly affect the consequences. This supports the necessity for deciding this job by turn toing the possibility of mental instabilities every bit good as turn toing other factors such as clip, which may impact the loss. The experience of a neonatal decease can be viewed as one of the many factors associated with psychiatric upsets in adult females. The primary aim of this survey is to larn more about the extent of this association and the clip frame in which the adult females are affected. ( Is your instrument able to separate the difference between exogenic depression ( which is the normal bereavement procedure we all go through with the loss of a loved one ) versus endogenous depression which is the psychiatric unwellness that can be triggered by the loss? Research inquiry / aim Are depression and anxiousness typical in adult females who experience neonatal deceases in Jamaica? ( Depression and anxiousness are normal responses to loss ) . The inquiry should be about true Endogenous depression and important anxiousness ( psychiatric jobs ) . Sub-Topics 1 ) Nature of the experience of the neonatal loss experience: gestational age ; 2 ) Factors that may predispose them to psychological effects: poorness, old mental wellness, any other environmental stressor ; 3 ) Possible get bying mechanisms after neonatal loss experience: cognition of cause of decease, affect on future gestation ; 4 ) The prevalence and extent of depression/psychological and psychiatric upsets in adult females after miscarriage/pregnancy loss. Purpose of the Study This survey originated as a part to informed argument on mental wellness public policy issues and to border intercessions that will convey hope to adult females who are surrounded by the challenges of their loss while they reenter society. The accomplishments of this survey should be: ( 1 ) to test at least 30 twosomes ( pilot survey, chief survey 250/300 topics ( How did you cipher this sample size? You should happen out how prevailing these factors are in pregnant adult females without gestation loss and so find what figure you need to acquire a important addition in Numberss over the expected ) ( Wissart et al 2005 ) , who have experienced neonatal loss at primary degree of intercession. ( 2 ) To supply therapy for twosomes who are sing terrible psychological hurt due to a neonatal loss. ( 3 ) To raise consciousness of the possible behavioral and societal issues of male parents who are considered the soundless spouses in this type of loss. In add-on, the survey is being driven by my personal experiences of three neonatal deceases over seven old ages and the deficiency of available intercession at the clip of the events and my preferable and successful agencies of covering with this challenge. Are you certain you want to acquire so personal? I would go forth this out even if this is what is you chief motive. This is your personal info and is non truly needed to acquire the survey accepted ) Significance of the survey The societyaa‚Â ¬a„?s concern with wellness refers to both mental and physical wellness. This survey sets out to understand the effects of this loss and the attendant traumatic consequences. The extent to which this loss affects twosomes, and the information garnered from this research will supply extra information sing the ensuing mental upsets to medical practicians, counsellors and mental wellness professionals. This cognition can help to supply solutions for effectual intercession sing the mental, societal and economic development of the affected twosomes and their households. By deriving an penetration of the job, the apprehension of mental wellness of adult females and their spouses will be addressed, with the male parents being recognized as a participant in the event of the loss. In lending to the pool of cognition, there will be insight to assist beef up households, and obtain the cooperation, understanding and support of others. Boundary lines and restrictions of the survey The comparatively little sample size and the schemes used to try countries and participants will restrict the extent to which findings can be generalized. Therefore, the survey should be repeated on a larger graduated table, with countries and participants being indiscriminately sampled. The survey will non try to find which of the environmental stressors has caused the job. The survey will non try to find which of the variables causes a greater consequence on the adult females. Significance of the survey The societyaa‚Â ¬a„?s concern with wellness refers to both mental and physical wellness. This survey sets out to understand the effects of this loss and the attendant traumatic consequences. The extent to which this loss affects twosomes, and the information garnered from this research will supply extra information sing the ensuing mental upsets, to medical practicians, counsellors and other mental wellness professionals. This cognition can help to supply solutions for effectual intercession sing the mental, societal and economic development of the twosomes affected and their households. By deriving an penetration of the job, the apprehension of mental wellness of adult females and their spouses will be addressed, with the male parents being recognized as a participant in the event of the loss. In lending to the pool of cognition, there will be insight to assist beef up households, and obtain the cooperation, understanding and support of others. Boundary lines and restrictions of the survey The comparatively little size of the sampling and the schemes used to try countries and participants, will do the extent to which findings can be generalised to be limited. Therefore, the survey should be repeated on a larger graduated table, with countries and participants being indiscriminately sampled. The survey will non try to find which of the environmental stressors has caused the job. The survey will non try to find which of the variables causes a greater consequence on the adult females.